Selection of projectiles for producing trans-uranium nuclei in transfer reactions within the improved dinuclear system model

Abstract

The multinucleon transfer process is one promising approach for producing neutron-rich heavy nuclei. The favorable projectile-target combinations play a key role in experiments. As one important approach to investigate the multinucleon transfer process, one new version of the dinuclear system (DNS) model is developed. The improved version of the DNS model is shown in detail. Based on deformation degree of freedom in the improved DNS model, one way of calculating excitation energies of primary fragments is proposed. And the remarkable improvements for describing experimental data of producing trans-uranium nuclei is noticed. To produce trans-uranium nuclei, the collisions of 48 Ca, 136 Xe, and 238 U projectiles with the 238 U target are investigated within the improved DNS model. Based on the potential energy surface, the influence of projectiles on the probabilities of transferring neutrons and protons from the projectiles to the target are studied. One behavior is found that the transfer probabilities strongly depend on the projectiles in the neutron stripping process, while relatively weak projectile dependence is noticed in the proton transferring process. The 136 Xe and 238 U projectiles show great advantages of cross sections for producing neutron-rich trans-uranium nuclei, although the fission probabilities are large.

Production of unknown neutron-rich transuranium isotopes 245–249Np, 248–251Pu, 248–254Am, and 252–254Cm in multinucleon transfer reactions

“…The complex WKB method, which includes pair transfer modes in the MNT channels, utilizes the WKB approximation to treat the first-order transfer amplitudes [32,33]. The dinuclear system (DNS) model is widely used to investigate the dynamics of heavy ion damped collisions at near barrier energies and has been tested by a lot of previous works [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Within the DNS model, the transfer of the nucleon is regarded as a diffusion process which is treated by solving a set of master equations.…”

Production mechanism and prediction cross sections of unknown neutron-rich 263–265,267–269Lr isotopes in multinucleon transfer reactions based on the dinuclear system model

“…Various theoretical models have been developed to describe the MNT process in low-energy heavy-ion collisions. The semiclassical models, such as the dinuclear system (DNS) model [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], the Langevin equations [67][68][69][70], the GRAZING model [40,[71][72][73][74][75], and the complex Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin model [76][77][78]. The microscopic dynamics models, such as the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model [79][80][81][82][83][84] and the time-dependent Hartree-Fock model [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97]…”