Selection of Useful Germplasm Based on the Variation Analysis of Growth and Seed Quality of Soybean Germplasms Grown at Two Different Latitudes

Abstract

We conducted this study to select useful germplasms for investigating the agricultural performances and content variations of proximate composition, fatty acid, and isoflavone of the soybean germplasms grown at two different latitudes, Suwon (37 o 16'N) and Yeoncheon (38 o 12'N), Republic of Korea. The days to flowering of the soybeans grown at Suwon was early by 1 day compared with that at Yeoncheon whereas the days to maturing of the soybeans were not different by latitudes. The Yeoncheon-cultivated soybeans were greater in growth and yield than the Suwon. The crude oil in range of 17.0% to 20.0% had a positive correlation with the yield. There was a strong negative correlation between oleic acid and saturated fatty (palmitic and stearic) acid contents in the seeds producted at Suwon but the Yeoncheon were not significant. The linoleic acid in seeds of the germplasms was contained by 7.3-fold more than the linolenic acid. The malonylgenistin content was the highest among the detected isoflavones and Deapung had the highest total isoflavone content. The content of total isoflavones in the Yeoncheon-producted seeds was high more than that in the Suwon whereas those of Hei nong 44(hou), Tachikogane, and B152 grown at Suwon were significantly lower rather than those at Yeoncheon. However, the difference of latitude seemed to play an important role in the content variations of growth, yield, and fatty acids and isoflavones in the germplasms. Eventually, Tie dou 44 and WIR3722, which were stably outstanding in all the investigated aspects regardless of the growing locations, were selected as useful germplasms.

Natural Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Diverse World Soybean Germplasms Grown in China

“…We observed highly significant differences (P < 0.001) among the germplasm origins for all fatty acids (Table S3a). The significant variation of fatty acids among different germplasm origins was consistent with previous studies [20,21,28]. Grieshop and Fahey [31] reported that soybeans collected from various sources elucidated major differences in their nutritional composition of fatty acids.…”

“…Previous studies on seed fatty acid composition of several germplasm collections from different oil crops-such as sesame [23], Brassica species [24,25], and safflower [15,16,26]-have showed a wide variation for fatty acid composition. Likewise, many studies have been conducted on soybean seed fatty acid composition collected from various sources [20,21,[27][28][29][30]. These studies suggested that soybeans collected from various sources demonstrated key differences in their nutritional composition [31].…”

Identification of hub genes regulating isoflavone accumulation in soybean seeds via GWAS and WGCNA approaches

“…Soybean seed isoflavones contain 12 components which are divided into four groups, daidzein, genistein, glycitein (aglycones), daidzin, glycitin, genistin (glycosides), acetyldaidzin, acetylglycitin, and acetylgenistin (acetylglycosides), and malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, malonylgenistin (malonylglycosides) ( Kim et al., 2014 ; Azam et al., 2021 ). The malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, and malonylgenistin are the most abundant form of the isoflavones, while aglycones are present in very small amounts but have higher phytoestrogenic activity and more bioavailability in humans ( Nielsen and Williamson, 2007 ; Park et al., 2016 ; Azam et al., 2020 ). Improving soybean isoflavone content through conventional breeding and metabolic engineering is a complementary way for the biofortification of food crops to combat isoflavone deficiency ( De Steur et al., 2014 ).…”

Single‐grain‐based widely targeted metabolomics profiling of sixty‐four accessions of Japanese wild soybean (Glycin soja Sieb. Et Zucc.)

“…Hydroxydaidzein represented a good correlation with genistin and daidzin derivatives; however, this compound showed a moderate correlation with glycitin derivatives. Among the isoflavones detected in soybean seeds, malonylglycosides are the most abundant, whereas their aglycones are in very low concentrations (Park et al ., 2016). The aglycones are particularly important due to their higher phytoestrogenic activity and better absorption in the human body (Nielsen & Williamson, 2007).…”