Selection on reaction norms, genetic correlations and constraints

Tienderen, Peter H. van; Koelewijn, H.P.

doi:10.1017/s0016672300032729

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…On the other hand, the scatter of reaction norms for height, branching and especially leaf number, was such that the corresponding genetic correlations were very low. Should selection favour increased or decreased plasticity for any of these traits, we would expect a quick response by a population constituted of the families examined here (de Jong, 1995;van Tienderen & Koelewijn, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction norms of Arabidopsis. IV. Relationships between plasticity and fitness

Pigliucci

Schlichting

1996

Heredity

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The study of the association between fitness and reaction norms is of primary importance given the hypothesized role for phenotypic plasticity in shaping evolutionary patterns: in microevolution, as one mechanism for maintaining genetic variation, and in macroevolution, as a means of generating phenotypic novelties. In a glasshouse experiment, we investigated variation in reaction norms to nutrient availability in populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, and the relationship between this variation and reproductive fitness. We found evidence for acrosstreatment directional selection on the means for leaf number, flowering time, plant height, branching and growth rate; across-treatment stabilizing selection was detected for growth rate; and across-treatment disruptive selection was significant for leaf number. We also uncovered selection on the plasticity of some traits: directional for the plasticity of branching, and stabilizing for the plasticity of both branching and growth rate. When the two environments were considered separately, directional selection for height was detected under low nutrients; under high nutrients, we found evidence for directional selection on leaf number and height, and for disruptive selection on flowering time. The genetic correlation between a trait's expression in one environment and its expression in the alternate environment was positive and highly significant only for flowering time and growth rate. A principal components analysis revealed possible constraints on future selection responses, because of correlations among character means and among character plasticities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction norms of Arabidopsis. IV. Relationships between plasticity and fitness

Pigliucci

Schlichting

1996

Heredity

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“…The differ-ent phenotypes consistent with a given genotype are thus considered to be programmed subroutines that have evolved as a result of distinct sets of selective pressures acting at different life-history stages (Stearns, 2000) or the outcomes of evolution for "evolvability" (Gerhart and Kirschner, 1997). While the concept of environment-dependent reaction norms has both adaptive and nonadaptive aspects (Schlichting and Pigliucci, 1998), discussion of plasticity in this framework has centered on selection and genetic mechanisms (Van Tienderen andKoelewijn, 1994, Pigliucci, 1996). Our view is that rather than being the result of evolutionary adaptation, much morphological plasticity reflects the influence of external physico-chemical parameters on any material system and is therefore an inherent, inevitable property of organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Before programs: The physical origination of multicellular forms

Newman¹,

Forgács²,

Müller³

2006

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

160

118

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By examining the formative role of physical processes in modern-day developmental systems, we infer that although such determinants are subject to constraints and rarely act in a "pure" fashion, they are identical to processes generic to all viscoelastic, chemically excitable media, non-living as well as living. The processes considered are free diffusion, immiscible liquid behavior, oscillation and multistability of chemical state, reaction-diffusion coupling and mechanochemical responsivity. We suggest that such processes had freer reign at early stages in the history of multicellular life, when less evolution had occurred of genetic mechanisms for stabilization and entrenchment of functionally successful morphologies. From this we devise a hypothetical scenario for pattern formation and morphogenesis in the earliest metazoa. We show that the expected morphologies that would arise during this relatively unconstrained "physical" stage of evolution correspond to the hollow, multilayered and segmented morphotypes seen in the gastrulation stage embryos of modern-day metazoa as well as in Ediacaran fossil deposits of 600 Ma. We suggest several ways in which organisms that were originally formed by predominantly physical mechanisms could have evolved genetic mechanisms to perpetuate their morphologies.

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“…Phenotypic plasticity, the capacity of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in different environments, receives increasing attention among evolutionary biologists (Via, 1992(Via, , 1993(Via, , 1994Scheiner, 1993a, b;Pigliucci, 1993, 1998;Van Tienderen and Koelewijn, 1994;Gotthard and Nylin, 1995;Via et al, 1995;Pigliucci, 1998Pigliucci, , 2001De Jong and Gavrilets, 2000;De Witt and Scheiner, 2003). Plasticity may be considered as a specific trait, and the evolution of plasticity is now a hotly debated subject among evolutionary biologists (Via et al, 1995;Callahan et al, 1997;Agrawal, 2001;van Dooren, 2001;Scheiner, 2002;David et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity of body pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster: Genetic repeatability of quantitative parameters in two successive generations

2004

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In Drosophila melanogaster, body pigmentation is a quantitative trait that depends on developmental temperature. When investigated over the whole thermal range of the species, pigmentation exhibits nonlinear reaction norms that differ among segments. The isofemale line method was used to analyse the genetic variability in two natural populations that affected the shape of reaction norms. Each line was considered as an experimental repeat, and polynomial reaction norms fitted to calculate the characteristic values (eg the coordinates of a maximum). In total, 20 lines from two geographically distant populations (France and India) were investigated at seven developmental temperatures (12-311C) in two successive generations (G2 and G3). We analysed the genetic repeatability (ie the correlation between generations) of three kinds of parameters: intraclass correlation coefficients (isofemale heritability), family means at different temperatures and the characteristic values of the reaction norms. For intraclass correlation, a low genetic repeatability was found. For family mean values grown at various temperatures, an overall positive and highly significant repeatability was found (r ¼ 0.5570.024). Finally, a positive significant G2-G3 correlation was also the rule for the characteristic values of the reaction norms. Significant differences could be found between values describing either the trait or its plasticity, but with no general trend. A slightly higher repeatability was observed in the Indian population. These results show that, with a family selection design, the shape of the reaction norms might be modified in various ways.

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Selection on reaction norms, genetic correlations and constraints

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

Reaction norms of Arabidopsis. IV. Relationships between plasticity and fitness

Reaction norms of Arabidopsis. IV. Relationships between plasticity and fitness

Before programs: The physical origination of multicellular forms

Phenotypic plasticity of body pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster: Genetic repeatability of quantitative parameters in two successive generations

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