Selective absorption of carbohydrates

Macleod, J. J. R.; Magee, H. E.; Purves, C. B.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1930.sp002704

“…Gastric emptying is a key factor in determining transit time (63). Several factors influence this variable, including volume (222), osmolality (144,190), temperature (222), energy content (29), and acidity (222). In addition, a number of specific nutrients affect gastric emptying (129,190).…”

Section: Ingested Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Extramuscular Fuel Sources During Exercise

Wasserman

¹

,

Cherrington

²

1996

Comprehensive Physiology

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The sections in this article are: Fuel Requirements of the Working Muscle Effect of Exercise Duration Effect of Exercise Intensity Exercise Responses of Hormones and Nerves Involved in Acute Metabolic Regulation Insulin Response Glucagon Response Catecholamine Responses Extramuscular Fuel Sources NEFA Mobilization from Adipose Tissue Basic Mechanisms that Influence NEFA Availability Regulatory Factors Hepatic Glucose Production Exercise Response Regulation by the Endocrine Pancreas Role of Epinephrine Role of Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Norepinephrine Role of Cortisol Regulation during High‐Intensity Exercise Hepatic Fat Metabolism: Oxidation and Triglyceride Synthesis Regulation of Ketogenesis Triglyceride Synthesis Splanchnic Bed Amino Acid Metabolism Protein Breakdown Amino Acids as a Carbon Source for Gluconeogenesis and Oxidation Uptake of Nitrogenous Compounds by the Splanchnic Bed Fate of Nitrogenous Compounds in the Liver Gastrointestinal Tract as a Source of Glucose: Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion Importance Determinants of the Metabolic Availability of Ingested Carbohydrates Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Endogenous Substrates Training‐Induced Adaptations in Extramuscular Fuel Mobilization Endocrine Adaptations to Physical Training Adaptations of Extramuscular Fuel Sources to Physical Training Summary

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“…PREVIOUS work on the absorption of sugars has shown that the rate of transference of glucose from solutions placed in the lumen of surviving segments of intestine into the outer saline environment is at a maximum at 0*75M concentration [Auchinachie, Macleod and Magee, 1930;Macleod, Magee and Purves, 1930]. In order to investigate the full significance of this optimal concentration it was considered desirable to test its applicability to the living animal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

PREVIOUS work on the absorption of sugars has shown that the rate of transference of glucose from solutions placed in the lumen of surviving segments of intestine into the outer saline environment is at a maximum at 0*75M concentration [Auchinachie, Macleod and Magee, 1930;Macleod, Magee and Purves, 1930] The experiments on this subject were carried out on (1) nonanaesthetized rats, (2) anesthetized cats, and (3) anmesthetized rabbits.The analytical methods used were: for blood sugar, the HagedornJensen method; for assaying the glucose in solutions or in the contents of the alimentary canal, the Shaffer-Hartmann method. Colloidal iron and sodium sulphate were used for deproteinization.

1.

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confidence: 99%

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The absorption of glucose from the alimentary canal

Magee¹,

Reid²

1931

The Journal of Physiology

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PREVIOUS work on the absorption of sugars has shown that the rate of transference of glucose from solutions placed in the lumen of surviving segments of intestine into the outer saline environment is at a maximum at 0*75M concentration [Auchinachie, Macleod and Magee, 1930;Macleod, Magee and Purves, 1930] The experiments on this subject were carried out on (1) nonanaesthetized rats, (2) anesthetized cats, and (3) anmesthetized rabbits.The analytical methods used were: for blood sugar, the HagedornJensen method; for assaying the glucose in solutions or in the contents of the alimentary canal, the Shaffer-Hartmann method. Colloidal iron and sodium sulphate were used for deproteinization.1. Experiments on rats. Cori's technique was employed [Cori, 1925]. Rats were fed by stomach tube 3-4 c.c. 0-75M glucose, or 1-2 c.c. 2M glucose, after a fast of 24 hours preceded by a day of dieting on a little porridge and milk. This procedure resulted in the stomachs of the rats. being empty of all food when killed, so that discards, owing to this not being the case, were very rare. The volume of solution administered was varied in accordance with the size of the rat, so that the amount of sugar fed as 0-75M or as 2M was roughly the same in rats of similar weight. The pipettes used to assay the solutions were the ones used to feed the PH. LXXIII. 11

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“…It should be stated that we do not think very much importance can be attached to the amount of residual sugar in the intestine unless, as in the pilocarpine series, this is relatively very great. In earlier work [Macleod, Magee and Purves, 1930] large variations in intestinal sugar were found in individual animals and it would, therefore, be wrong, in our opinion, to infer, from small differences in the amount of sugar left in the intestine, corresponding variations in the rate of absorption. In the pilocarpine-injected animals, however, the amount of sugar retained in the intestine was so much greater than in any of the other series of animals that some significance must be attached to it.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%