Selective amino acids changes in the medial and lateral preoptic area in the formalin test in rats

Silva, E; Hernández, Luis; Quiñónez, Belkis; González, L.; Colasante, Cesare

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00437-8

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We and other investigators, using various techniques, showed that glutamate levels across different brain regions never exceeded 50 M in rats (2,15,19,28,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats

John

Ramanathan²,

Siegel³

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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John J, Ramanathan L, Siegel JM. Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295: R2041-R2049, 2008. First published September 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90541.2008The histamine-containing posterior hypothalamic region (PH-TMN) plays a key role in sleep-wake regulation. We investigated rapid changes in glutamate release in the PH-TMN across the sleep-wake cycle with a glutamate biosensor that allows the measurement of glutamate levels at 1-to 4-s resolution. In the PH-TMN, glutamate levels increased in active waking (AW) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with quiet waking and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. There was a rapid (0.6 Ϯ 1.8 s) and progressive increase in glutamate levels at REM sleep onset. A reduction in glutamate levels consistently preceded the offset of REM sleep by 8 Ϯ 3 s. Short-duration sleep deprivation resulted in a progressive increase in glutamate levels in the PH-TMN, perifornical-lateral hypothalamus (PF-LH), and cortex. We found that in the PF-LH, glutamate levels took a longer time to return to basal values compared with the time it took for glutamate levels to increase to peak values during AW onset. This is in contrast to other regions we studied in which the return to baseline values after AW was quicker than their rise with waking onset. In summary, we demonstrated an increase in glutamate levels in the PH-TMN with REM/AW onset and a drop in glutamate levels before the offset of REM. High temporal resolution measurement of glutamate levels reveals dynamic changes in release linked to the initiation and termination of REM sleep. rapid eye movement sleep; histamine; microdialysis; biosensor; cortex VARIOUS STUDIES HAVE IMPLICATED glutamatergic mechanisms in the control of sleep-wake states. In vitro experiments reported a differential glutamate release in brain regions of long-sleep and short-sleep mice (11). Glutamate release was higher during wakefulness than during sleep in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (22), whereas enhanced glutamate release during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was observed in the rostromedial medulla (24). Paradoxical sleep deprivation increased the content of glutamate and glutamine in the rat cerebral cortex (3).Glutamate excites both cortical and subcortical neurons and enhances the in vivo release of histamine (HA) through presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the anterior hypothalamus of the rat (32). Single cell recording and microdialysis experiments demonstrate that HA cell activity is reduced in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep compared with waking (7,20). We hypothesized that changes in glutamate release in the posterior hypothalamus histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus (PH-TMN) and in the terminal regions of HA neurons could affect HA release and sleep-wake states. Dysfunction of the Hcrt system produces the sleep disorder narcolepsy (35,38,44). Hcrt neurons contain glutamate as a cotransmit...

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“…We and other investigators, using various techniques, showed that glutamate levels across different brain regions never exceeded 50 M in rats (2,15,19,28,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats

John

Ramanathan²,

Siegel³

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Offline approaches predominate in clinical studies, in which sample collection and its analysis are separated in time. Commercial CE instrumentation employing LIF detection is commonly used 8–17, the CE step ensuring a high separation efficiency and rapidity of analysis, and the LIF detection providing a high sensitivity of determination. The LOD may even reach a subnanomolar level and thus, dilute solutions of biological samples can be used for suppressing matrix interferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O₂ Evolution in the Fenton Reaction

Buda

Ensing

Gribnau

et al. 2003

Chemistry A European J

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We investigated the mechanism involved in the oxygen production in the Fenton chemistry by means of density functional theory calculations. This study extends previous work in which we proposed that the Fe(IV)O2+ complex is the key active intermediate in the Fenton reaction. Here we provide a consistent picture of the entire reaction cycle by analyzing how the active species, Fe(IV)O2+, can react with hydrogen peroxide to produce O2 and regenerate the Fe2+ catalyst. These results are also relevant in view of the analogies with important enzyme-catalyzed oxidation reactions.

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“…These brain regions are involved in nociception modulation, especially that of affective, motivational, and cognitive behaviors (Ang et al, 2017). Pharmacological and electrophysiological experiments have revealed that the MPO and LPO participate in pain control and in periaqueductal grey-mediated endogenous analgesia (Silva et al, 2004). The Ce in the amygdala is termed the ''nociceptive amygdala'' (Neugebauer, 2015), as extensive research has shown that Ce neurons are sensitized in different pain models (Li and Sheets, 2018).…”

Section: Pain and Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat

et al. 2020

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Objective: To identify the novel projections received by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)contacting nucleus from the subcortex and limbic system to understand the biological functions of the nucleus. Methods: The cholera toxin subunit B (CB), a retrograde tracer, was injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 7-10 days, the surviving rats were perfused, and the whole brain and spinal cord were sliced for CB immunofluorescence detection. The CB-positive neurons in the subcortex and limbic system were observed under a fluorescence microscope, followed by 3D reconstructed with the imaris software. Results: CB-positive neurons were found in the basal forebrain, septum, periventricular organs, preoptic area, and amygdaloid structures. Five functional areas including 46 sub-regions sent projections to the CSF-contacting nucleus. However, the projections had different densities, ranging from sparse to moderate, to dense. Conclusions: According to the projections from the subcortex and limbic system, we hypothesize that the CSF-contacting nucleus participates in emotion, cognition, homeostasis regulation, visceral activity, pain, and addiction. In this study, we illustrate the novel projections from the subcortex and limbic system to the CSF-contacting nucleus, which underlies the diverse and complicated circuits of the nucleus in body regulations.

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Selective amino acids changes in the medial and lateral preoptic area in the formalin test in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats

Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats

O₂ Evolution in the Fenton Reaction

Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat

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Selective amino acids changes in the medial and lateral preoptic area in the formalin test in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats

Rapid changes in glutamate levels in the posterior hypothalamus across sleep-wake states in freely behaving rats

O2 Evolution in the Fenton Reaction

Novel Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus From the Subcortex and Limbic System in Rat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

O₂ Evolution in the Fenton Reaction