Selective and Rapid Detection of 4-Nitrophenol in River and Treated Industrial Wastewater by a Luminescent Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework Sensor

Abstract

Phenolic organic compounds are widely used industrial chemicals that exist extensively in the environment and have a significant impact on human health. 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is a typical phenolic organic compound found in aqueous environments. Efficient detection of 4-NP in wastewater is highly challenging due to the complexity of testing environmental samples. Herein, a luminescent lanthanide metal–organic framework (MOF) sensor based on the Eu3+ ion {[Eu­(HL)­(L)­(H2O)]·2H2O} n (EuMOF; H2L = 5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)­benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) was successfully synthesized for efficient 4-NP detection in wastewater. Fluorescence sensing experiments revealed that 4-NP could greatly quench the EuMOF fluorescence. Subsequently, EuMOF was applied to 4-NP detection in distilled water, tap water, river water, and treated industrial wastewater, exhibiting high sensitivity, a fast response within 30 s, high selectivity, excellent reusability, and a low detection limit. Finally, the fluorescence quenching mechanism was explored and attributed to competitive absorption of irradiated light between 4-NP and the ligand.

Design and synthesis of a turn-off fluorescent sensor based on a multifunctional Zn(ii) coordination polymer for the detection of Fe3+, Hg2+ and 4-nitrophenol

“…This is better than most previously reported CP-based fluorescent sensors for 4-NP (Table 4). 56–62 Compound 1 could be regenerated after washing several times with DMF; however, the fluorescence intensity of 1 decreased (Fig. S24†).…”

The Role of Aqueous Solvation on the Intersystem Crossing of Nitrophenols

“…Forest decline has been attributed to these phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic compounds as well. − Nitrophenols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, especially in urban areas, and in the environment due to anthropogenic emission, e.g. from combustion processes, dye industry, or pesticide hydrolysis. ,, Whereas para -nitrophenol (4-NP) occurs mainly as particles bound in clouds, a liquid phase enrichment of ortho -nitrophenol (2-NP), e.g. in fog and small cloud droplets, was measured .…”

“…from combustion processes, dye industry, or pesticide hydrolysis. 22 , 31 , 32 Whereas para -nitrophenol (4-NP) occurs mainly as particles bound in clouds, a liquid phase enrichment of ortho -nitrophenol (2-NP), e.g. in fog and small cloud droplets, was measured.…”

Catalytic reduction of para nitrophenol by green-fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Solanum lycopersicum L. leaf extracts

“…One such contaminant is para nitrophenol (PNP), an organic compound involved in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals like acetaminophen, textiles, plastics, synthetic dyes and herbicides among other applications (Maleki et al, 2022). It has been detected in industry wastewater and is toxic to aquatic life, humans and animals and thus has to be removed (Yang et al, 2023;Chen et al, 2017). Previous research has demonstrated greensynthesized AgNPs as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional catalysts which utilize expensive chemicals and generate toxic by-products in the process (Rani et al, 2020;Shah et al, 2020).…”