Selective Atomic-Level Etching on Short S-Glass Fibres to Control Interfacial Properties for Restorative Dental Composites

Abstract

Interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix is most critical to obtain enhanced mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Here we present a new surface tailoring method of selective wet etching and organosilicon monomers (3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, TMSPMA) deposition process on the short S-Glass fibre as a reinforcing material, resulting in increased mechanical retention and strong chemical bonding between glass fibres and polymer resin (a mixture of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) monomers). The effect of surface modification on fibre matrix interfacial strength was investigated through microdroplet tests. An S-Glass fibre treated with piranha solution (a mixture of H 2 O 2 and H 2 SO 4 ) for 24 hours followed by TMSPMA surface silanization shows highest increase up to 39.6% in interfacial shear strength (IFSS), and critical fibre length could be reduced from 916.0 µm to 432.5 µm. We find the optimal surface treatment condition in that the flexural strength of dental composites reinforced by the S-Glass fibres enhanced up to 22.3% compared to the composites without fibre surface treatments. The significant elevation in strength is attributed to changes in the surface roughness of glass fibres at atomic scale, specifically by providing the multiplied spots of the chemical bridge and nano-mechanical interlocking. The findings offer a new strategy for advanced tailoring of short S-Glass fibres to maximise the mechanical properties of biomedical and dental composites.

Dimensional stability of short fibre reinforced flowable dental composites

“…Several studies 1,9,10,31,33,40,41 have analysed the effect of a small volume of short fibres on mechanical and physical properties along with particulate fillers or addition of fibres to commercial composites. The effectiveness of surface etching, random orientation www.nature.com/scientificreports/ and uniform distribution were also evaluated where the interfacial shear strength measured by microdroplet pull-out study was enhanced by 39.6% 34,42 . With the replacement of 5 wt% glass particles with glass fibres (50AR and 70AR), the flexure strength and flexure modulus increased 22.3% and 9.7% respectively, compared to the filler only group 9 .…”

“…With the replacement of 5 wt% glass particles with glass fibres (50AR and 70AR), the flexure strength and flexure modulus increased 22.3% and 9.7% respectively, compared to the filler only group 9 . The current study focused on the physical properties characterisation of these three groups based on the glass fibre surface treatment by Cho et al 34 . The ability of the curing light passing through the resin composite decreases over the thickness as the light gets scattered between the organic resin and inorganic reinforcement filler particles due to variation of refraction indices between them 43 .…”

“…The flowable dental composite system consisted of 80 wt% UDMA-20 wt% TEGDMA (Esstech, Inc., USA) based resin reinforced with 0.7 µm strontium glass particles (SDI Limited, Australia) and S2-Glass fibres from AGY, USA were cut (Engineered Fibres Technology, LLC, USA) to lengths of 250 µm and 350 µm with aspect ratios (AR) of 50 and 70. S2-Glass fibre surfaces were etched (4 h in 37% HCl) and silane treated (1 h in 2% TMSPMA solution) before being blended with the resin system as described by Cho et al 34 which enhanced the mechanical and chemical interlocking of resin with glass fibres. The detailed resin composition corresponding weight fractions for this study are listed in Table 1.…”

High‐strain‐rate mechanical performance of particle‐ and fiber‐reinforced polymer composites measured with split Hopkinson bar: A review

“…PRPC, particle-reinforced polymer composite. Source: Redrawn from the work of Cho et al, [67] as well as Pearson et al, [68] copyright © with permission from springer nature adhesion between the phases is present. Figure 4 schematically depicts the failure mechanism of the neat polymer and FRPC under tensile load.…”

Microscale sensor solution for data collection from fibre-matrix interfaces

“…(2) Any compliant mechanism 19 that can transmit the specimen's deformation to the strain sensor, must possess a high resilience. (3) The inertia and dissipation in the measurement system must be minimized for the sensor to follow the dynamics of the specimen during testing. The strain sensitivity enhancement using compliant flexural hinges have demonstrated a high precision and accuracy in strain measurements 20 .…”