Selective Attention of Patients With Anorexia Nervosa While Looking at Pictures of Their Own Body and the Bodies of Others

Wietersheim, Jörn von; Kunzl, Franziska; Hoffmann, Holger; Glaub, Julia; Rottler, Edit; Traue, Harald C.

doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31823ba787

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some previous studies have reported that women with AN look less at the breast region than control observers, a result interpreted as reflecting an avoidance of areas they dislike or have concerns about 14, 16. This pattern of fixations differs from the results reported here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a previous study we found that when recording the eye‐movements of women with AN making attractiveness judgements, their more distributed pattern of fixations along the torso meant that they looked more at the upper torso than controls 13. Another possible reason for this discrepancy is that in these previous two studies, eye‐movements were recorded during a “free‐viewing” of bodies 14, 16. As their participants were not asked to make a specific judgement during the eye‐tracking, it is not possible to say with certainty what judgement, if any, their participants were making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, although they report differences in the fixation patterns between the women with AN and controls, there is only limited consensus on which areas are favoured or avoided 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. This may be due to methodological differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, there is considerable variability in the stimuli used; in their pose, whether the images were in colour or black and white, whether the face or head was shown in the image, the length of the presentation, whether the pictures were of real bodies or of computer‐generated bodies, and in the type and amount of clothing they were wearing 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Perhaps the most important factor in these differences is the choice of the free‐viewing condition for stimulus presentation (i.e., the participants look at bodies without any specific judgement being required of them) 14, 16, 17, 19. Instead, the eye‐movements are related to the participants' scores on psychometric measures14, 17, 19 or to behavioural judgements which have been made at a different time and not during eye‐movement recording 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the most important factor in these differences is the choice of the free‐viewing condition for stimulus presentation (i.e., the participants look at bodies without any specific judgement being required of them) 14, 16, 17, 19. Instead, the eye‐movements are related to the participants' scores on psychometric measures14, 17, 19 or to behavioural judgements which have been made at a different time and not during eye‐movement recording 16. This is important because the pattern of fixations is significantly different for different judgements, such as between judgements of attractiveness, body size and body shape 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fixation patterns, not clinical diagnosis, predict body size over‐estimation in eating disordered women and healthy controls

Cornelissen

Hancock

et al. 2016

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveA core feature of anorexia nervosa (AN) is an over‐estimation of body size. Women with AN have a different pattern of eye‐movements when judging bodies, but it is unclear whether this is specific to their diagnosis or whether it is found in anyone over‐estimating body size.MethodTo address this question, we compared the eye movement patterns from three participant groups while they carried out a body size estimation task: (i) 20 women with recovering/recovered anorexia (rAN) who had concerns about body shape and weight and who over‐estimated body size, (ii) 20 healthy controls who had normative levels of concern about body shape and who estimated body size accurately (iii) 20 healthy controls who had normative levels of concern about body shape but who did over‐estimate body size.ResultsComparisons between the three groups showed that: (i) accurate body size estimators tended to look more in the waist region, and this was independent of clinical diagnosis; (ii) there is a pattern of looking at images of bodies, particularly viewing the upper parts of the torso and face, which is specific to participants with rAN but which is independent of accuracy in body size estimation.DiscussionSince the over‐estimating controls did not share the same body image concerns that women with rAN report, their over‐estimation cannot be explained by attitudinal concerns about body shape and weight. These results suggest that a distributed fixation pattern is associated with over‐estimation of body size and should be addressed in treatment programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:507–518).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fixation patterns, not clinical diagnosis, predict body size over‐estimation in eating disordered women and healthy controls

Cornelissen

Hancock

et al. 2016

Intl J Eating Disorders

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A systematic and methodological review of attentional biases in eating disorders: Food, body, and perfectionism

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveThe current systematic and methodological review aimed to critically review existing literature utilizing implicit processing, or automatic approach‐ and/or avoidance‐related attentional biases between eating disorder (ED) and nonclinical samples, which (a) highlights how psychophysiological methods advance knowledge of ED implicit bias; (b) explains how findings fit into transdiagnostic versus disorder‐specific ED frameworks; and (c) suggests how research can address perfectionism‐related ED biases.MethodThree databases were systematically searched to identify studies: PubMed, Scopus, and PsychInfo electronic databases. Peer‐reviewed studies of 18‐ to 39‐year‐olds with both clinical ED and healthy samples assessing visual attentional biases using pictorial and/or linguistic stimuli related to food, body, and/or perfectionism were included.ResultsForty‐six studies were included. While behavioral results were often similar across ED diagnoses, studies incorporating psychophysiological measures often revealed disease‐specific attentional biases. Specifically, women with bulimia nervosa (BN) tend to approach food and other body types, whereas women with anorexia nervosa (AN) tend to avoid food as well as overweight bodies.ConclusionsFurther integration of psychophysiological and behavioral methods may identify subtle processing variations in ED, which may guide prevention strategies and interventions, and provide important clinical implications. Few implicit bias studies include male participants, investigate binge‐eating disorder, or evaluate perfectionism‐relevant stimuli, despite the fact that perfectionism is implicated in models of ED.

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Faced with one’s fear: Attentional bias in anorexia nervosa and healthy individuals upon confrontation with an obese body stimulus in an eye‐tracking paradigm

et al. 2020

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Selective Attention of Patients With Anorexia Nervosa While Looking at Pictures of Their Own Body and the Bodies of Others

Abstract: The results confirm the assumption of cognitive biases. The differences, however, are often small and vary greatly.

Cited by 48 publications

References 16 publications

Fixation patterns, not clinical diagnosis, predict body size over‐estimation in eating disordered women and healthy controls

Fixation patterns, not clinical diagnosis, predict body size over‐estimation in eating disordered women and healthy controls

A systematic and methodological review of attentional biases in eating disorders: Food, body, and perfectionism

Faced with one’s fear: Attentional bias in anorexia nervosa and healthy individuals upon confrontation with an obese body stimulus in an eye‐tracking paradigm

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