0 Complex binding constants of the three native cyclodextrins with seven cyclohexane derivatives (all possessing the carboxylic acid group) and with the series C 6 H 5 (CH 2 ) n COOH (n ) 0 to 4) were measured in aqueous solution at 25°C by potentiometry and the solubility method. These results, combined with literature data, indicate that R-and γ-cyclodextrins bind with comparable strength to both the cyclohexyl and phenyl moieties, with -cyclodextrin binding significantly more strongly. These acid series are compared with several series CH 3 (CH 2 ) n X, where X is CH 3 , COOH, COO -, OH, SO 3 -, etc., and it is concluded that the X group (for X other than methyl) contributes appreciably to complex stability, perhaps by means of an extracavity interaction. The COOH group provides a further augmentation of complex stability. NMR CIS and ROESY results indicate the presence of isomeric complexes in both the cyclohexyl and phenylalkanoic series, and clearly demonstrate the existence of intracavity inclusion. An NOE study of the R-cyclodextrin: cyclohexanecarboxylate system provides evidence for inclusion combined with interaction outside (that is, at the rim of) the cavity.Intense interest in cyclodextrin chemistry in recent years has resulted in the measurement of hundreds of binding constants for complexes comprised of cyclodextrins and aromatic guest molecules. Few systematic investigations into the cyclodextrin binding properties of alicyclic compounds have been made (though some useful results are available 1-12 ). In the present paper we augment these relatively few examples of alicyclic guest systems by examining the binding of the three "native" cyclodextrins (R-, -, and γ-cyclodextrin) with some alicyclic carboxylic acids and, for comparison purposes, some phenylalkanoic acids. These binding studies are supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations of some of these systems.
Experimental SectionMaterialssR-Cyclodextrin, -cyclodextrin, and γ-cyclodextrin (American Maize Products Company) were dried at 95°C for 48 h. Benzoic acid (Aldrich) was recrystallized from water; and phenylalkanoic acids (Aldrich) were recrystallized from water-methanol, their melting points being in good agreement with literature values. 3-Cyclohexenecarboxylic acid (Alfa) and the cyclohexane carboxylic acids (Aldrich) were purified by distillation under reduced pressure. House reverse-osmosis water was further treated with a Sybron/ Barnstead PCS ion-exchange purification system.ApparatussPotentiometric measurements were made with an Orion model 701A pH meter and a Corning semi-micro combination electrode. Spectrophotometric measurements were made with a Hitachi model U-3000 spectrophotometer. The solutions were thermostatted during potentiometric and spectrophotometric measurements at 25°C by means of an external, constant-temperature water bath.NMR experiments were carried out at 500 MHz with a Bruker DRX-500 spectrometer at 303 K with D2O as solvent.ProceduressPotentiometrysThe experimental operation consists of mea...