“…TiO 2 nanomaterial is extensively used in industrial areas ranging from photovoltaics and photocatalysis [52,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] to photo-/electrochromics, sensors [85][86][87][88], photo-conductor [89], as additives in plastics, pigments [90], agglomerates for thermal sprays, attenuation of ultraviolet light (UV protection), catalysts and catalyst [91,92], dye-sensitized solar cells [85,93,94], sunscreens [95,96], paints [97], ointments, toothpaste [98], water splitting [99,100], electrode materials in lithium batteries, energy converter in solar cells, inorganic pollutants and antimicrobial applications [101], piezoelectric capacitors, solid oxide fuel cell, bio-terrorism, nanomembrane [76] and TiO 2 -oligonucleotide nanocomposite for gene therapy [102,103], etc. …”