Selective catalytic synthesis of short chain oxymethylene ethers by a heteropoly acid – a reaction parameter and kinetic study

Abstract

Oxymethylene ethers (OME) are considered as a low-emission additive or replacement to diesel fuel. They can by efficiently produced in a catalytic process using heteropoly acids as catalyst.

Solidified and Immobilized Heteropolyacids for the Valorization of Lignocellulose

“…HPAs are additionally applied as catalysts in other sustainable conversions such as Power2X approaches. They were used to produce oxymethylene ethers of 3 to 5 repeating units (OME 3‐5 ) from trioxane and dimethoxymethane [22] . These selected examples are intended to provide insight into the catalytic potential of homogeneous HPAs in the valorization of lignocellulose.…”

“…They were used to produce oxymethylene ethers of 3 to 5 repeating units (OME 3-5 ) from trioxane and dimethoxymethane. [22] These selected examples are intended to provide insight into the catalytic potential of homogeneous HPAs in the valorization of lignocellulose. The interested reader is referred to the following review articles that deal with the topic in more detail.…”

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on [Omim]Cl/ZnCl2 catalyzed synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers

“…Both of DMM and trioxane are considered to be excellent methoxyl group suppliers and terminal group as there is no water generated in the reaction process, which will deactivate the catalyst and cause heavy side reactions. Until now, the catalysts reported for synthesis of OMEs include homogeneous mineral acid 20–22 and ionic liquids 23–29 and heterogeneous ion‐exchange resins, 30–39 carbon materials, 40,41 zeolites and their modifiers, 42–47 solid superacid, 48–52 metal chlorides, 53 aluminosilicate‐based materials, 54–57 Tin‐montmorillonite catalysts, 58 and heteropoly acid 59 . The mineral acids are very corrosive, environmentally malign and difficult to dispose after reaction.…”

“…Wu et al developed a silica‐gel‐supported dual acidic ionic liquid as catalyst for synthesis of OMEs and discovered the covalently anchored ionic liquid exhibited higher activity 25 . Yang et al and Wu et al used acidic ionic liquids for preparation of OMEs and found that the strong Brønsted acidity is the source of high catalytic performance and the length of substituted alkane group would affect the product distribution 26,59 . Qi et al observed that the Lewis acids of ZnCl 2 showed catalytic activity for synthesis of OMEs, 53 but the strength of Lewis acidity and homogeneity in reaction medium significantly suppressed the catalytic performance.…”

“…Until now, the catalysts reported for synthesis of OMEs include homogeneous mineral acid [20][21][22] and ionic liquids [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and heterogeneous ion-exchange resins, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] carbon materials, 40,41 zeolites and their modifiers, [42][43][44][45][46][47] solid superacid, [48][49][50][51][52] metal chlorides, 53 aluminosilicate-based materials, [54][55][56][57] Tin-montmorillonite catalysts, 58 and heteropoly acid. 59 The mineral acids are very corrosive, environmentally malign and difficult to dispose after reaction. While solid acid catalysts are noncorrosive, easy to separate, and recover; however, the main challenging problem is to enhance their activity and stability.…”