Selective control of sympathetic pathways to the kidney, spleen and intestine by the ventrolateral medulla in rats.

Hayes, Kristen; Weaver, Lynne C.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018217

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although the idea of a viscerotopic organization of sympathetic outflow within the RVLM has been fairly well established in the cat (16,17,32,33,41), a limited number of studies performed in the rat have suggested only a preferential control of regional SNA by the RVLM (3,23). An advantage of our study was our ability to compare responses across the three nerves to individual injections.…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 96%

“…1. tions necessary to demonstrate a viscerotopic organization (46). Alternatively, since the time of the earlier studies of Weaver and colleagues (3,23), the RVLM of the rat has been defined more discretely in terms of localization of barosensitive neurons that project to the spinal cord. These neurons are typically found within 500 m of the caudal pole of the facial nucleus (21,58).…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 97%

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Differential activation of adrenal, renal, and lumbar sympathetic nerves following stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat

Mueller

Mischel

Scislo

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Under acute and chronic conditions, the sympathetic nervous system can be activated in a differential and even selective manner. Activation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been implicated in differential control of sympathetic outputs based on evidence primarily in the cat. Although several studies indicate that differential control of sympathetic outflow occurs in other species, only a few studies have addressed whether the RVLM is capable of producing varying patterns of sympathetic activation in the rat. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether activation of the RVLM results in simultaneous and differential increases in preganglionic adrenal (pre-ASNA), renal (RSNA), and lumbar (LSNA) sympathetic nerve activities. In urethane-chloralose anesthetized rats, pre-ASNA, RSNA, and LSNA were recorded simultaneously in all animals. Microinjections of selected concentrations and volumes of glutamate increased pre-ASNA, RSNA, and LSNA concurrently and differentially. Pre-ASNA and RSNA (in most cases) exhibited greater increases compared with LSNA on a percentage basis. By varying the volume or location of the glutamate microinjections, we also identified individual examples of differential and selective activation of these nerves. Decreases in arterial pressure or bilateral blockade of RVLM GABA(A) receptors also revealed differential activation, with the latter having a 3- to 4-fold greater effect on sympathetic activity. Our data provide evidence that activation of the rat RVLM increases renal, lumbar, and preganglionic adrenal sympathetic nerve activities concurrently, differentially, and, in some cases, selectively.

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Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 97%

Differential activation of adrenal, renal, and lumbar sympathetic nerves following stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat

Mueller

Mischel

Scislo

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Physiol. 482.2 that the injections were centred on segments T10-T12, which contain the majority of renal SPN, intact spinal cord, resting activity in renal SPN appears to be due largely to a direct descending input from sympathetic premotor neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (Hayes & Weaver, 1990), with little contribution from spinal afferent inputs (Meckler & Weaver, 1985). In the present study, therefore, it seems more likely that the decreased rSNA produced by intrathecal administration of L-NAME is due to an action on or close to the renal SPN themselves, rather than on antecedent neurones in the dorsal horn.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a critical role of nitric oxide in the tonic excitation of rabbit renal sympathetic preganglionic neurones.

Hakim

Hirooka

Coleman

et al. 1995

The Journal of Physiology

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1. A large proportion of sympathetic preganglionic neurones contain nitric oxide synthase.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of facilitation and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis within the lower thoracic spinal cord (which contains the majority of renal preganglionic neurones) on renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA).2. In anaesthetized rabbits, rSNA was recorded before and after intrathecal injection (50 /sl of 0-5 M solution) of either L-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide, or NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, into the lower thoracic spinal cord. Spinal cord sections were also stained for the presence of NADPH diaphorase, a marker of nitric oxide synthesizing neurones. 3. A high density of NADPH diaphorase-containing neurones was found within the intermediolateral cell column of the lower thoracic spinal cord. 4. Intrathecal injection of L-arginine and L-NAME resulted in a large increase (113 + 25%) and decrease (43 + 8%), respectively, in rSNA. In contrast, injection of the inactive isomers D-arginine and D-NAME had no significant effect on rSNA. 5. The results indicate that endogenous nitric oxide in the lower thoracic spinal cord (1) has a potent excitatory action on renal sympathetic preganglionic neurones, and (2) helps to maintain the tonic activity of renal sympathetic nerves under resting conditions.

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“…Techniques of microinjection and stereotaxic positioning of the pipettes have been described in our previous publications. 13,14,18 Arterial pressure, heart rate and renal nerve responses to glycine injections were monitored. The arterial pressure, heart rate and renal nerve responses to glycine microinjections into the pons were tested after 60 min of infusion of each dose of propofol.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions of propofol on pontine neurons controlling arterial pressure in rats

Krassioukov¹,

Gelb²,

Weaver³

1995

Can J Anaesth

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Tonic firing of pontine neurons provides excitatory input to the vasomotor centre in the ventrolateral medulla. To increase our understanding of the actions of propofol on CNS neurons controlling the cardiovascular system, we evaluated the effects of propofol on this tonic firing of pontine neurons. The actions of propofol (doses 1-4, respectively; 24 + 2, 40 + 4, 65 + 3 and 104 + 3 rag" kg -t" hr -t)

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Selective control of sympathetic pathways to the kidney, spleen and intestine by the ventrolateral medulla in rats.

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Differential activation of adrenal, renal, and lumbar sympathetic nerves following stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat

Differential activation of adrenal, renal, and lumbar sympathetic nerves following stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat

Evidence for a critical role of nitric oxide in the tonic excitation of rabbit renal sympathetic preganglionic neurones.

Actions of propofol on pontine neurons controlling arterial pressure in rats

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