“…The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) represents the concentration that inhibits 50% of cellular biological functions. After a review of the literature, − the cells were incubated with 10 levels of Co, Cr, and Ni concentrations for 48 h at 37 °C in a FBS-free medium: 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10 000, and 50 000 μM for Co and Ni and 0.5, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10 000, and 50 000 μM for Cr.…”