Selective damage sensing in multiscale hierarchical composites by tailoring the location of carbon nanotubes

Ku‐Herrera, J. J.; Saponara, Valeria La; Avilés, F.

doi:10.1177/1045389x17711790

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Due their outstanding physical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been of great interest for the scientific and industrial communities, resulting in an increased interest for their application in smart materials with sensing and/or actuating capabilities. [ 1 ] For their use as sensors or actuators in smart materials, CNTs have been used in the form of films or arrays, [ 2,3 ] deposited or grown on substrates, [ 4,5 ] as well drawn, twisted, and used in the form of continuous fibers or yarns (carbon nanotube yarns [CNTYs]). [ 6,7 ] A CNTY is a micron‐size diameter continuous fiber comprising thousands of CNTs in its cross‐section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Thermoresistivity of Freestanding and Polymer Embedded Carbon Nanotube Yarns

et al. 2020

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Carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) are hierarchical fibers with outstanding electrical properties, and understating the temperature‐dependence of their electrical resistance (thermoresistivity) is essential for sensing applications and development of self‐sensing polymer composites. The cyclic thermoresistive response of individual CNTYs and the effect of embedding the yarn into a polymer are experimentally investigated herein. The effect of confining the CNTY by a thermosetting polymer is addressed by studying the thermoresistive response of CNTY/vinyl ester single‐fiber composites. Heating–cooling cycles ranging from 25 (room temperature [RT]) to 100 °C and 25 to −30 °C are applied to individual CNTYs and to CNTYs embedded into a vinyl ester polymer, while their electrical resistance is simultaneously recorded. Both the CNTY and its single‐fiber composite show a negative dependence of electrical resistance with temperature. For both temperature ranges (above and below RT), the average temperature coefficient of resistance found for individual CNTYs is ≈−9.5 × 10−4 K−1, and its magnitude decreases about ≈30% when the yarn is embedded into the vinyl ester polymer. The hysteresis rendered by the different heating and cooling pathways is small for individual CNTYs, and largely increases when the CNTY is embedded into the polymer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic Thermoresistivity of Freestanding and Polymer Embedded Carbon Nanotube Yarns

et al. 2020

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“…Recently, Due et al 17 incorporated graphene/epoxy interleaves within carbon fiber laminated composites for delamination toughening and monitoring of crack damage under quasi-static fracture loading. Ku-Herrera et al 18 deposited CNTs selectively in unidirectional glass fiber/vinyl ester composites and investigated damage sensing using electrical resistance measurements. They later compared the electrical response to that of acoustic emission events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-mechanical studies of multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy reinforced composites

O’Donnell

Chalivendra

Hall

et al. 2019

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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An experimental study is performed to investigate the electro-mechanical response of three-dimensionally conductive multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites under quasi-static tensile loading. To generate a threedimensional conductive network within the composites, multi-wall carbon nanotubes are embedded within the epoxy matrix and carbon fibers are reinforced between the glass fiber laminates using an electro-flocking technique. A combination of shear mixing and ultrasonication is employed to disperse carbon nanotubes inside the epoxy matrix. A vacuum infusion process is used to fabricate the laminated composites of two different carbon fiber lengths (150 mm and 350 mm) and four different carbon fiber densities (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 fibers/mm 2). A four circumferential probe technique is employed to measure the in-situ electrical resistance of composites under tensile load. Although composites of both carbon fiber lengths showed significant decrease of sheet resistance under no mechanical load conditions, composites of 350 mm long carbon fibers showed the lowest resistivity of 10 X/sq. Unlike the resistance values, composites of 350 mm carbon fibers showed a significant decrease in Young's modulus compared to 150 mm counterparts. For the electro-mechanical response, composites containing carbon fibers of 150 mm long demonstrated a maximum value of percentage change in resistance. These results were then compared to both 350 mm and no added carbon fibers under quasi-static tensile loading.

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“…Thus, for hierarchical multiscale composites comprising continuous structural fibers, a polymer matrix, and electroconductive nanostructures such as CNTs, the CNT conductive network can be formed on both the fiber and/or within the polymer matrix. For thermosetting matrices, Ku-Herrera et al (2018) have shown that the preferential location of CNTs within the hierarchical composite plays a key role on its piezoresistive response. However, this piezoresistive response has not been explored for a material system comprising PP and aramid fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical self-sensing of strain and damage of thermoplastic hierarchical composites subjected to monotonic and cyclic tensile loading

Rodríguez-Uicab

Martin-Barrera

May‐Pat

et al. 2019

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Electrical monitoring of strain and damage in multiscale hierarchical composites comprising unidirectional aramid fibers modified by multiwall carbon nanotubes and polypropylene as matrix is investigated. The key factor for electrical self-sensing in these thermoplastic composites is the formation of a multiwall carbon nanotube network, which is achieved by using two material architectures. In the first architecture, the multiwall carbon nanotubes are dispersed within the polypropylene matrix, while aramid fibers remain unmodified. The second architecture uses also multiwall carbon nanotube-modified polypropylene matrix, but the aramid fibers are also modified by depositing multiwall carbon nanotubes. Under tensile loading, the electrical response is nonlinear with strain ( ε), and the piezoresistive sensitivity was quantified by gage factors corresponding to low ( ε < 0.25%) and high ( ε > 0.3%) strain regimes. Such gage factors were 4.83 (for ε < 0.25%) and 13.2 (for ε > 0.3%) for composites containing multiwall carbon nanotubes only in the polypropylene matrix. The composites containing multiwall carbon nanotubes in the matrix and fibers presented higher piezoresistive sensitivity, with average gage factors of 9.24 ( ε < 0.25%) and 14.0 ( ε > 0.3%). The higher sensitivity to strain and damage for a specific material architecture was also evident during cyclic and constant strain loading programs and is attributed to the preferential localization of multiwall carbon nanotubes in the hierarchical composite.

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Selective damage sensing in multiscale hierarchical composites by tailoring the location of carbon nanotubes

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Cyclic Thermoresistivity of Freestanding and Polymer Embedded Carbon Nanotube Yarns

Cyclic Thermoresistivity of Freestanding and Polymer Embedded Carbon Nanotube Yarns

Electro-mechanical studies of multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy reinforced composites

Electrical self-sensing of strain and damage of thermoplastic hierarchical composites subjected to monotonic and cyclic tensile loading

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