Selective detection of dopamine with an all PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Gualandi, Isacco; Tonelli, Domenica; Mariani, Federica; Scavetta, Erika; Marzocchi, Marco; Fraboni, Beatrice

doi:10.1038/srep35419

Cited by 144 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The detection limit was determined to be 24.0 nM (RSD <4.20 %, at 95 % confidence level, k=3, n=10), which was a slightly higher than that of serotonin. However, DA exists in the very low concentration (<1.0 nM) in the real sample . In addition, the DA content of cancer patients is significantly lower (3.5∼10 times) than normal tissue samples , which indicates that the proposed sensor can selectively detect serotonin without affecting the DA in cancer cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite

et al. 2019

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An electrochemical sensor based on the conducting polymer composite with a palladium complex (Pd(C2H4N2S2)2) was developed for the detection of serotonin and dopamine simultaneously in the breast cancer cell and human plasma samples. The proposed sensor was fabricated using the Pd(C2H4N2S2)2 complex‐anchored poly2,2 : 5,2‐terthiophene‐3‐(p‐benzoic acid) (pTBA) layer on the AuNPs decorated reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs@rGO) substrate, which revealed the enhanced anodic current of the target species. The sensor probe was characterized by electrochemical and surface analysis methods. The experimental parameters affecting the sensor performance were optimized, in terms of AuNPs@rGO concentration, the number of electropolymerization cycle for pTBA, immobilization time of Pd(C2H4N2S2)2, and pH. The dynamic ranges for serotonin and dopamine were obtained from 0.02 to 200 μM, and from 0.1 to 200 μM with the detection limit of 2.5, and 24.0 nM, respectively. The reliability of proposed sensor was evaluated using cancer cell lines for the clinical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite

et al. 2019

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“…The on-site amplification of the OECT allows the reduction of the electrical noise and enables FSCV measurements in an unshielded environment. A similar motivation guided Gualandi et al, who described an all-PEDOT:PSS OECT dopamine sensor displaying a limit of detection of 6 µM in the presence of interference compounds (AA and UA) [105]. The authors took advantage of a potentiodynamic technique to separate the redox waves associated to different analytes and therefore to selectively identify and determine the contributions of different analytes to the OECT electrical output signal through a linear scan of the gate potential.…”

Section: Dopaminementioning

confidence: 91%

Fabrication and Use of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Sensing of Metabolites in Aqueous Media

et al. 2018

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Featured Application: Sensing organic molecules in water.Abstract: This review first recalls the basic functioning principles of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) then focuses on the transduction mechanisms applicable to OECTs. Materials constituting the active semiconducting part are reviewed, from the historical conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole) to the actual gold standard, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), as well as the methods used to fabricate these transistors. The review then focuses on applications of OECTs for the detection of small molecules and more particularly of metabolites, with a distinction between enzymatic and non-enzymatic transduction pathways. Finally, the few patents registered on the topic of OECT-based biosensors are reviewed, and new tracks of improvement are proposed. applied to biosensing quite early, associated with enzymes [4][5][6]. This is because, due to their functioning mechanism (already identified at the time), they brought into play the same charge carriers as most biological functions, i.e., electrons but also ions, and were therefore sensitive both to electron transfer to/from redox enzymes or ions (e.g., protons) produced from other types of enzymes. This is a characteristic which distinguished them from organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), which started to raise the attention of researchers exactly at the same period (precisely, 1983 for the first polyacetylene-based OFET [7]), and a few years later for applications to gas sensing (halogens, ammonia, oxygen [8-10] or even vapors of H 2 O, NO or H 2 O 2 [11][12][13][14]). However, OFETs never really produced any applicable results in the framework of biosensors in aqueous environment because of high operating voltages, of several tens of volts, which impede any measurements because of water electrolysis. Ion-sensitive organic field-effect transistors (ISOFETs), based on the same working principles of their inorganic counterparts (ISFETs) developed earlier [15,16], solved this problem of high operating potential, the electrolyte being not in direct contact with the semiconductor. However, these devices were confined mostly to protons detection [17][18][19] or, in any case, to charged species.As we show in this review, OECTs use both potentiometry and amperometry in their working principles. In that sense, OECTs are devices that represent a bridge between ISOFETs and classical amperometry, which certainly explains their success. This area of research is very active and several reviews have already been published on OECTs in general, for example by Kergoat et al. [1] or Rivnay et al. [3], or on OECTs applied to biology, for example by Liao and Yan [20], Liao et al. [21], Strakosas et al. [22] or . This present review, after going back to the basic functioning principles, along with details on transductions applicable to OECTs, reviews materials, fabrication techniques and then sensing applications. We focus on the detection of small molecules and more part...

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“…A great deal of published papers on organic FET biosensors are based on the OECT configuration and among those, the large majority is engaged with the detection of redox species such as, for instance, glucose, gallic acid, dopamine, and uric acid . Another quite ample section of OECTs are engaged for selective ion detection .…”

Section: Organic Electrochemical Transistor Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimately Sensitive Organic Bioelectronic Transistor Sensors by Materials and Device Structure Design

Picca

Manoli

Macchia

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

117

140

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Organic bioelectronic sensors are gaining momentum as they can combine high-performance sensing level with flexible large-area processable materials. This opens to potentially highly powerful sensing systems for point-of-care health monitoring and diagnostics at low cost. Prominent to detect biochemical recognition events, are electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) as they are easily fabricated and operated. EGOFETs are recently shown to be capable of labelfree single-molecule detections, even in serum. This progress report aims to provide a critical perspective through a selected overview of the literature on both EGOFET and OECT biosensors. Attention is paid to correctly attribute them to the potentiometric and amperometric biosensor categories, which is important to set the right conditions for quantification purposes. Moreover, to deepen the understanding of the sensing mechanisms, with the support of unpublished data, focus is put on two among the most critical aspects, namely, the capacitance interplay and the role of Faradaic currents. The final aim is to provide a rationale of the functional mechanisms encompassing both EGOFET and OECT sensors, to improve materials and devices' designs taking advantage of the processes that enhance the sensing response enabling the extremely highperformance level resulting in ultimate sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response.

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Selective detection of dopamine with an all PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Cited by 144 publications

References 25 publications

A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite

A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite

Fabrication and Use of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Sensing of Metabolites in Aqueous Media

Ultimately Sensitive Organic Bioelectronic Transistor Sensors by Materials and Device Structure Design

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