Selective Detection of Folic Acid Using a Water-Stable Fluorescent CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite Nanocrystal Probe

Abstract

A water-stable cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6) perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) was synthesized and studied as a fluorescence probe for the selective detection of folic acid (FA). The as-prepared PNCs emitted strong green fluorescence at 525 nm, and their structure was systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction between the PNCs and small biological molecules was investigated and the results indicated that the fluorescence of the PNCs could be selectively quenched by FA. The quenching rate has a linear relationship with the concentration of FA in the concentration range from 10 to 800 μM, with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9841, and a limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) of 1.69 μM. The mechanism of the interaction between the PNCs and FA was discussed, and the reliability of the method for real sample detection was also verified by the standard addition method. The method proposed here, using a fluorescence PNCs probe, provided a simple alternative strategy for detecting FA that will play an important role in biochemical analysis.

Sensing Utilities of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites and Composites: A Comprehensive Review

“…Water-stable luminescent CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 NCs were synthesized using a water emulsion technique and demonstrated for sensing folic acid (FA; vitamin B) [ 202 ]. The CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 NCs showed a linear PL quenching response between 10 and 800 µM of FA, with an LOD of 1.695 µM.…”

“…The stability of CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) in water is the main issue for discriminating bioanalytes, drugs, fungicides, and pesticides [ 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 ]. To avoid the above complications, compositing CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) with other materials, such as APTES, BN, and MIPs has been proposed.…”

“…However, there are still a few probes that require critical evaluation in terms of structural degradation in aqueous media. Water-stable CsPbBr 3 /Cs 4 PbBr 6 NCs were proposed for detecting folic acid [ 202 ], but how long can the proposed structure remain stable is still under debate. Another controversial issue regarding CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) and composite-based biomolecule sensing is how to avoid the toxicity of Pb 2+ in food sample analysis.…”

The function of chemical folic acid in calibration methods and neurodevelopmental disorders

“…The mechanism of the interaction between the PNCs and FA was discussed, and the reliability of the method for real sample detection was also verified by the standard method. The method proposed here, using a fluorescence PNC probe, provided a simple alternative strategy for detecting FA that will play an important role in biochemical analysis ( Qian et al, 2018 ; Li and Yan, 2019 ; She et al, 2023 ). It also conveyed the functional construction with continuous optical characterization about FA detection.…”

Nanocrystals for Deep-Tissue In Vivo Luminescence Imaging in the Near-Infrared Region

“…Nanocrystals possess extraordinary quantum effects that can restrict electrons within crystal structures, enabling controllable optical properties at the microscopic level. With advancements in chemistry and nanoscience, nanocrystals possessing exceptional luminescent properties can be readily designed by intelligently regulating composition, assembly, size, and morphology, making them suitable for long-term high-contrast luminescence imaging within deep tissues of living organisms. − Additionally, nanocrystals can be modified with functionalized molecules (e.g., hyaluronic acid, folic acid, , glucose, antigens, peptides, − aptamers, − proteins, or antibodies, − etc.) to achieve specific targeting and biocompatible labeling.…”