Selective Detection of Hydrazine in the Presence of Excess Electrochemically Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using Boron Doped Diamond Metal Nanoparticle Functionalised Electrodes

Channon, Robert B.; Newland, Jonathan C.; Bristow, Anthony W. T.; Ray, Andrew; Macpherson, Julie V.

doi:10.1002/elan.201300419

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…By changing the elemental identity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) electrodeposited on a BDD electrode, it is possible to shift the EC half wave potential of inner sphere redox couples, such as HZ. 29 Metal NPs on BDD electrodes offer a high EC signal-to-noise ratio. 24 However, as the vast majority of experiments are typically carried out under stationary conditions, 30 this can constrain the achievable LODs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in an Excess of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient: Achieving Pharmaceutical Detection Limits Electrochemically

et al. 2015

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The quantification of genotoxic impurities (GIs) such as hydrazine (HZ) is of critical importance in the pharmaceutical industry in order to uphold drug safety. HZ is a particularly intractable GI and its detection represents a significant technical challenge. Here, we present, for the first time, the use of electrochemical analysis to achieve the required detection limits by the pharmaceutical industry for the detection of HZ in the presence of a large excess of a common active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), acetaminophen (ACM) which itself is redox active, typical of many APIs. A flow injection analysis approach with electrochemical detection (FIA-EC) is utilized, in conjunction with a coplanar boron doped diamond (BDD) microband electrode, insulated in an insulating diamond platform for durability and integrated into a two piece flow cell. In order to separate the electrochemical signature for HZ such that it is not obscured by that of the ACM (present in excess), the BDD electrode is functionalized with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) to significantly shift the half wave potential for HZ oxidation to less positive potentials. Microstereolithography was used to fabricate flow cells with defined hydrodynamics which minimize dispersion of the analyte and optimize detection sensitivity. Importantly, the Pt NPs were shown to be stable under flow, and a limit of detection of 64.5 nM or 0.274 ppm for HZ with respect to the ACM, present in excess, was achieved. This represents the first electrochemical approach which surpasses the required detection limits set by the pharmaceutical industry for HZ detection in the presence of an API and paves the wave for online analysis and application to other GI and API systems.

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Electrochemical Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in an Excess of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient: Achieving Pharmaceutical Detection Limits Electrochemically

et al. 2015

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“…Table 1 compares the analytical parameters obtained here with those previously achieved with other methods. It can be seen that, among electrochemical methods, only those which employed metal nanoparticles modified boron doped diamond electrodes (MNPMBDD) [26][27][28] gave LODs comparable with the one achieved with the present TiO2NWA; it is worth to note that the modification of BDD with noble metals nanoparticles is however complex and require expensive materials. TiO2NWA allowed us to get improved LOD also with respect to the other photoelectrochemical method based on flat TiO2 photoanodes.…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Determination Of Hydrazinementioning

confidence: 55%

Arrays of TiO2 Nanowires as Photoelectrochemical Sensors for Hydrazine Detection

Ongaro¹,

Signoretto²,

Trevisan³

et al. 2015

Chemosensors

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Electrodes based on arrays of TiO2 nanowires were prepared by template sol-gel synthesis with the goal of developing a hydrazine photoelectrochemical sensor. Experimental conditions were chosen so that the gelation reaction occurred inside the nanopores of track-etched polycarbonate membranes, with consequent filling with TiO2 nanowires. Different procedures for the removal of the template were examined, in order to obtain arrays of self-standing TiO2 nanowires. The nanowire arrays were bound to fluorine doped tin oxide substrates to produce handy photoelectrodes. The photocurrent recorded with the photoelectrodes in the presence of hydrazine showed significant dependence on the pollutant concentration. The development of a photoelectrochemical sensor for hydrazine detection in water samples, based on this principle, is presented.

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“…However, residual hydrazine constitutes a key genotoxic impurity, and consequently there is considerable interest for the (electrochemical) detection of hydrazine. 16,17 Finally, from a fundamental point of view, hydrazine oxidation is often employed as a model electrocatalytic system as the onset potential strongly depends on the electrode material and structure, yet quickly reaches mass transport limitations once the onset potential is exceeded. This makes it, for example, a popular choice for a redox probe in nanoparticle collision experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

How changes in interfacial pH lead to new voltammetric features: the case of the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine

Arulrajan

Renault

Lai

2018

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Selective Detection of Hydrazine in the Presence of Excess Electrochemically Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using Boron Doped Diamond Metal Nanoparticle Functionalised Electrodes

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in an Excess of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient: Achieving Pharmaceutical Detection Limits Electrochemically

Electrochemical Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine in an Excess of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient: Achieving Pharmaceutical Detection Limits Electrochemically

Arrays of TiO2 Nanowires as Photoelectrochemical Sensors for Hydrazine Detection

How changes in interfacial pH lead to new voltammetric features: the case of the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine

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