Selective dispersion of carbon fillers into dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends: a thermodynamic approach to evaluate polymer reinforcement and conductivity enhancement

Dey, Pranab; Naskar, Kinsuk; Dash, Biswaranjan; Nair, Sujith; Unnikrishnan, Ginu; Nando, G. B.

doi:10.1039/c4ra16941g

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Classic morphology of TPVs can be observed for both samples: rubber particles (lighter particles) dispersed in the thermoplastic matrix. As expected, CNT caused a reduction in the size of NBR domain, because the presence of a conductive filler tends to reduce interfacial tension between polymers in a blend (Dey et al 2015). xx/xx 35…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Evaluation of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates in Radomes

Gabino

Indrusiak

Soares

2020

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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The present paper evaluates a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) of polypropylene (PP) and nitrile rubber (NBR), with and without carbon nanotube (CNT), with a potential application in structures that protect radar antennas, radomes. Morphological analysis, izod impact test, electromagnetic properties measurement and S-parameters were performed in order to verify its operational functioning. The presence of CNT affected the morphology of TPV, reducing the size of NBR particles. This enhanced impact strength results, besides the already known reinforcing effect of CNT on polymeric matrices. Electromagnetic parameters showed that both filled and unfilled TPV are low-loss materials. However, better impact result makes the filled TPV the most indicated material for radome application.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Evaluation of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates in Radomes

Gabino

Indrusiak

Soares

2020

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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“…Moreover, these increasing in T g of the PI/PSF blends with an increment of PI fraction were previously reported by Kapataidakis et al 23 and Hamid et al 22 In principle, a complete miscible blend usually shows single T g whereas a partially miscible blend shows two T g s of each starting polymer component. [36][37][38][39] In addition, this phenomenon was also confirmed by the comparison of calculated surface tension between the CB filler and each polymeric component according to Owens, Wendt, Rabel, and Kaelble (OWRK) model as shown in eq. 31,32 Morphology of CB-Filled PI/PSF Blends The phase morphology of the blends at various PI/PSF blending ratios was investigated using optical microscope (OM) as presented in Figure 5(a-d).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Improvement of polyimide/polysulfone composites filled with conductive carbon black as positive temperature coefficient materials

Tiptipakorn

Kuengputpong

Okhawilai

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, polyimide (PI)/polysulfone (PSF) blends filled with carbon black (CB) were developed for the use as positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials in order to achieve the volume resistivity as lower than 10 4 Ω.cm at room temperature. The weight ratios of PI/PSF were various from 100/0 to 10/90 with CB varied from 0 to 20 wt%. The use of conductive filler was reduced when PSF was blended with PI; the blends clearly possessed a percolation threshold decreased by 90%. The electrical conductivity of the CB-filled blends was higher than those of CB-filled pure PI. The transition temperature for PTC material was reported in the range of 180 to 210 C. The preferential location of CB filler in PI domains could be observed using the optical microscope. In addition, the composites met the standards for the obtained mechanical and thermal properties, exhibiting the potential use as PTC materials.

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“…Also, the increase of crystallization temperature ( T c ) and a decrease of melting enthalpy were observed with the presence of CNT. According to literature, 13,35,36 the presence of conductive filler promoted a reduction in the degree of crystallinity of the PP phase (evidenced by the reduction of the melting enthalpy).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Attaining low percolation threshold in conductive polypropylene/nitrile rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates using carbon nanotube

Gabino

Soares

Silva

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Electrically conductive thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) based on polypropylene (PP)/nitrile rubber (NBR) blends loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by dynamic vulcanization. CNT was incorporated into the system using two different mixing sequences: (i) one‐step method, by adding CNT after the PP and NBR and (ii) two‐steps method involving a previous PP/CNT master batch. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the morphology of the nanocomposites. Dynamic‐mechanical analysis and rheological properties were also used for characterizing the TPV and TPE samples. Both mixing strategies favored the location of the CNT inside the PP phase. The one‐step approach resulted in a percolation threshold as low as 0.19 vol% with conductivity value of 0.04 S m−1 for the system loaded with only 0.50 vol% of CNT. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and microwave absorbing properties were evaluated in the X‐band frequency range. The TPV samples prepared by both methods displayed an overall electromagnetic attenuation of around 70%.

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Selective dispersion of carbon fillers into dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends: a thermodynamic approach to evaluate polymer reinforcement and conductivity enhancement

Abstract: Phase selective and thermodynamically controlled dispersion of filler particles into the dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends depicting higher abundance of carbon black in the thermoplastic phase with the progressive filler addition.

Cited by 34 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates in Radomes

Evaluation of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates in Radomes

Improvement of polyimide/polysulfone composites filled with conductive carbon black as positive temperature coefficient materials

Attaining low percolation threshold in conductive polypropylene/nitrile rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates using carbon nanotube

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