Selective Electrochemical Determination of Etoposide Using a Molecularly Imprinted Overoxidized Polypyrrole Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

A simple and efficient new electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer has been developed for selective detection of an anticancer agent Etoposide (ETP). The sensor was prepared by electropolymerization via cyclic voltammetry (CV) of pyrrole onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in the presence of ETP molecules. The extraction of ETP molecules embedded in the polymeric matrix was carried out by overoxidation in sodium hydroxide medium using CV. Various important parameters affecting the performance of the imprinted film (MIP) coated sensor were studied and optimized using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimal conditions, the sensor response exhibited a linear dependence on ETP concentration (R2= 0.999) over the range 5.0×10−7M – 1.0×10−5M with a LOD (3σ/m) of 2.8×10−9M. The precision (% RSD, n=6) of the proposed sensor for intra- and interdays was found to be 0.84 and 2.46%, respectively. The selectivity of MIP/GCE sensor toward ETP was investigated in the presence of different interfering molecules including excipients and ETP metabolites. The developed sensor showed great recognition ability toward ETP and was successfully applied for its determination in injectable dosage forms and biological human fluids.

Vertical Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Specific Chemotherapeutic Agents

“…Because the mechanism through which these three drugs affect the DNA of targeted cells is not fully understood, electrochemical sensors based on graphene nanowalls, graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots have been developed to monitor and to better understand the pharmacodynamics properties of these drugs. [16][17][18][19][20] However, further studies are required to help scientists design new anti-tumour drugs. By including 3D carbonic nanomaterials like vertical graphene into the design of the electrodes, their sensing capabilities could be improved.…”

Recent Development of Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Hematological Malignancies-Associated Biomarkers: A Mini-Review

“…The introduction of nanomaterials in electrochemical analysis increases the conductivity and surface area of electrodes, thus improves the catalytic activity. These properties can improve the sensor detection sensitivity, shorten the response time, and realize the real-time monitoring of the detector (Gurudatt et al, 2019;Hrichi et al, 2019). Nanomaterials are modified onto the surface of electrochemical sensors to capture biomolecules and improve the immobilization efficiency and the sensitivity of the sensors.…”

Eco-friendly fluorimetric approaches for the simultaneous estimation of the co-administered ternary mixture: etoposide, moxifloxacin and nalbuphine

“…Several methods have been reported in the literature for the estimation of ETO, MOX and NAL in their pharmaceutical dosage form and/or biological fluids; for ETO: spectrophotometric [8], spectrofluorimetric (SF) [9], electrochemical [10,11], high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) [12], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13][14][15][16][17], gas chromatography (GC) [18] and capillary electrophoresis (CP) [19]; for MOX: spectrophotometric [20,21], SF [22], electrochemical [23], HPTLC [24], HPLC [25][26][27] and CP [28] and for NAL spectrophotometric [29][30][31], SF [31,32], flow injection analysis [33,34], HPLC [35][36][37] and GC [38]. These presented methods did not guide the monitoring of these three drugs in the biological matrices.…”