Selective enhancement of orientation tuning before saccades

Ohl, Sven; Kuper, Clara; Rolfs, Martin

doi:10.1167/17.13.2

Cited by 44 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…One interesting exception was the result that high SFs were more reliably identified during saccades than during fixation when the blanking period was introduced in Experiment 2. We speculate that this result is a consequence of well-established effects: During the preparation of a saccade, visuospatial attention selected the target of the movement Kowler, Anderson, Dosher, & Blaser, 1995;Ohl et al, 2017;Rolfs & Carrasco, 2012), increasing visual sensitivity for high SFs in an obligatory fashion (Li et al, 2016;Li, Pan, & Carrasco, 2019). In the context of our task, this increase in sensitivity at the saccade target could have led to two complementary phenomena.…”

Section: Distinct Motion Streaks Are Associated With High Task Performentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Each of these effects might have also contributed to the difference between saccade and replay conditions. Moreover, saccades lead to other changes, such as attention shifts (Rolfs, Jonikaitis, Deubel, & Cavanagh, 2011) or changes in perceptual tuning (Li et al, 2016;Ohl, Kuper, & Rolfs, 2017), that cannot be controlled for in a simulated saccade condition.…”

Section: Task Performance During Saccades and During Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra-saccadic motion streaks as cues to linking object locations across saccades

Schweitzer

Rolfs

2020

Journal of Vision

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When visual objects shift rapidly across the retina, they produce motion blur. Intra-saccadic visual signals, caused incessantly by our own saccades, are thought to be eliminated at early stages of visual processing. Here we investigate whether they are still available to the visual system and could-in principle-be used as cues for localizing objects as they change locations on the retina. Using a high-speed projection system, we developed a trans-saccadic identification task in which brief but continuous intra-saccadic object motion was key to successful performance. Observers made a saccade to a target stimulus that moved rapidly either up or down, strictly during the eye movement. Just as the target reached its final position, an identical distractor stimulus appeared on the opposite side, resulting in a display of two identical stimuli upon saccade landing. Observers had to identify the original target using the only available clue: the target's intra-saccadic movement. In an additional replay condition, we presented the observers' own intra-saccadic retinal stimulus trajectories during fixation. Compared to the replay condition, task performance was impaired during saccades but recovered fully when a post-saccadic blank was introduced. Reverse regression analyses and confirmatory experiments showed that performance increased markedly when targets had long movement durations, low spatial frequencies, and orientations parallel to their retinal trajectory-features that promote intra-saccadic motion streaks. Although the potential functional role of intra-saccadic visual signals is still unclear, our results suggest that they could provide cues to tracking objects that rapidly change locations across saccades.

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Section: Distinct Motion Streaks Are Associated With High Task Performentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Task Performance During Saccades and During Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-saccadic motion streaks as cues to linking object locations across saccades

Schweitzer

Rolfs

2020

Journal of Vision

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“…Previous psychophysical studies have shown that perceptual enhancement at the saccade target is at maximum immediately prior to saccade onset (Deubel, 2008;Li et al, 2016;Ohl et al, 2017;Rolfs & Carrasco, 2012;Rolfs et al, 2011). In these experiments, we focused on the Gaussian condition exclusively and pooled across foveal-motion and no-foveal-motion conditions as we found no significant differences between them during the early open-loop epoch in Experiment 1.…”

Section: Experiments 2 and 3: The Impact Of Timing Of Motion Integratmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The orientation sensitivity and perceived contrast for targets immediately before saccades are increased (Rolfs & Carrasco, 2012). The tuning for stimulus orientation has also been found to sharpen specifically at the saccade target (Ohl, Kuper, & Rolfs, 2017), and there is an enhancement for high spatial frequency features (Li, Barbot, & Carrasco, 2016). The enhancement associated with presaccadic attention is involuntary and occurs even when contrary to task demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For example, presaccadic enhancement is unavoidable even when it would be beneficial to deploy attention to other locations in the scene (e.g., by cueing a nontarget location before the saccade; Deubel, 2008;Montagnini & Castet, 2007). The timing of presaccadic enhancement is brief, peaking 50-100 ms before saccades (Deubel, 2008;Li et al, 2016;Ohl et al, 2017;Rolfs & Carrasco, 2012;Rolfs et al, 2011). In the current study, we asked what role presaccadic attention might play in Citation: Kwon, S., Rolfs, M., & Mitchell, J. F. (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presaccadic motion integration drives a predictive postsaccadic following response

2019

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Saccadic eye movements sample the visual world and ensure high acuity across the visual field. To compensate for delays in processing, saccades to moving targets require predictions: The eyes must intercept the target's future position to then pursue its direction of motion. Although prediction is crucial to voluntary pursuit, it is unclear whether it is an obligatory feature of saccade planning. Saccade planning involves an involuntary enhanced processing of the target, called presaccadic attention. Does this presaccadic attention recruit smooth eye movements automatically? To test this, we had human participants perform a saccade to one of four apertures, which were static, but each contained a random dot field with motion tangential to the required saccade. In this task, saccades were deviated along the direction of target motion, and the eyes exhibited a following response upon saccade landing. This postsaccadic following response (PFR) increased with spatial uncertainty of the target position and persisted even when we removed the motion stimulus in midflight of the saccade, confirming that it relied on presaccadic information. Motion from 50-100 ms prior to the saccade had the strongest influence on PFR, consistent with the time course of perceptual enhancements reported in presaccadic attention. Finally, the PFR magnitude related linearly to the logarithm of stimulus velocity and generally had low gain, similar to involuntary ocular following movements commonly observed after sudden motion onsets. These results suggest that presaccadic attention selects motion features of targets predictively, presumably to ensure successful immediate tracking of saccade targets in motion.

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Pre‐saccadic shifts of attention in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia

Lehet,

Rolfs,

Bao

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionPathophysiological theories of schizophrenia (SZ) symptoms posit an abnormality in using predictions to guide behavior. One such prediction is based on imminent movements, via corollary discharge signals (CD) that relay information about planned movement kinematics to sensory brain regions. Empirical evidence suggests a reduced influence of sensorimotor predictions in individuals with SZ within multiple sensory systems, including in the visual system. One function of CD in the visual system is to selectively enhance visual sensitivity at the location of planned eye movements (pre‐saccadic attention), thus enabling a prediction of the to‐be‐foveated stimulus. We expected pre‐saccadic attention shifts to be less pronounced in individuals with SZ than in healthy controls (HC), resulting in unexpected sensory consequences of eye movements, which may relate to symptoms than can be explained in the context of altered allocation of attention.MethodsWe examined this question by testing 30 SZ and 30 HC on a pre‐saccadic attention task. On each trial participants made a saccade to a cued location in an array of four stimuli. A discrimination target that was either congruent or incongruent with the cued location was briefly presented after the cue, during saccade preparation. Pre‐saccadic attention was quantified by comparing accuracy on congruent trials to incongruent trials within the interval preceding the saccade.ResultsAlthough SZs were less accurate overall, the magnitude of the pre‐saccadic attention effect generally did not differ across groups nor show a convincing relationship with symptom severity. We did, however, observe that SZ had reduced pre‐saccadic attention effects when the discrimination target (probe) was presented at early stages of saccade planning, when pre‐saccadic attention effects first emerged in HC.ConclusionThese findings suggest generally intact pre‐saccadic shifts of attention in SZ, albeit slightly delayed. Results contribute to our understanding of altered sensory predictions in people with schizophrenia.

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Selective enhancement of orientation tuning before saccades

Cited by 44 publications

References 50 publications

Intra-saccadic motion streaks as cues to linking object locations across saccades

Intra-saccadic motion streaks as cues to linking object locations across saccades

Presaccadic motion integration drives a predictive postsaccadic following response

Pre‐saccadic shifts of attention in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia

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