Selective extraction of lithium from seawater desalination concentrates: Study of thermodynamic and equilibrium properties using Density Functional Theory (DFT)

Uranium and lithium extraction from seawater: challenges and opportunities for a sustainable energy future

“…207 Thus far, calix[4]arene and b-diketone extractants have shown promise to extract lithium from seawater or SWRO brine due to their selectivity towards Li + over competing ions. 188,208 For example, Kurniawan et al demonstrated the potential of a tripropyl-monoacetic acid derivative of calix[4]arene to extract Li + in a microuidic reactor. 187 At a concentration of 20 mM in chloroform, the extractants could extract 100% of Li + ions from seawater within 4 s of residence time.…”

Desalination of Saline Irrigation Water Using Hydrophobic, Metal–Polymer Hydrogels

“…Crown ether technology is currently focused on the recovery of Li + ions from water. The same technology can also be used to selectively recover Na + , K + , and Li + ions from a water body [28][29][30]. It is being evaluated for use in the recovery of Cs + and Mg 2+ ions [31][32][33].…”

Preparation of HMn2O4 lithium-ion sieves with low manganese dissolution loss for improved cycling stability

“…4 Although it is currently mainly extracted from ores, the rapid depletion of nonrenewable ores calls for an urgent need to draw on seawater and salt lake brine resources, which account for around 60% of the global reserves. Over the past few decades, plenty of approaches have been proposed for the extraction of lithium from salt lake brines, such as evaporative precipitation, 5 solvent extraction, 6,7 electrochemistry, 8,9 membrane process [10][11][12][13] and adsorption. 14,15 Among these choices, lithium-ion sieves have emerged as promising adsorbents for lithium recovery, especially for salt lake brines with low-grade and high Mg 2+ /Li + ratio, owing to the exceptional lithium selectivity and large uptake capacity.…”