Selective Feeding of a Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate (Lepidodinium sp.) in Response to Experimental Warming and Inorganic Nutrient Imbalance

Liu, Kailin; Ng, Herrick Yin-To; Gao, Zuyuan; Liu, Hongbin

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.805306

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…The mixotrophic dinoflagellate Lepidodinium sp. also showed enhanced ingestion rates on Rhodomonas salina with rising temperatures from 25 • C and 28 • C to 31 • C [4,25]. The dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae and Alexandrium pohangense fed more on Heterocapsa rotundata (10-32 • C) and Margalefidium polykrikoides (15-30 • C), respectively, with increasing temperature [5,26].…”

Section: Warming Shifts Karenia Brevis Towards More Phago-heterotroph...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Ahn,

Glibert

2024

Water

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Previous studies have revealed that mixotrophs can become more heterotrophic as the temperature rises, although these studies were primarily conducted under laboratory conditions with temperature-acclimated grazers. This study investigated the short-term thermal regulation of grazing and photosynthetic performance, measured in terms of the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), of natural Karenia brevis populations on cultured Synechococcus. Bloom waters were collected in Sarasota, Florida, during the fall of 2022. Synechococcus were inoculated into K. brevis bloom waters in varying ratios and incubated at an ambient temperature and an ambient temperature ±5 °C (19, 24, and 29 °C). In general, the grazing coefficient, clearance, and ingestion rates were higher in warmer waters, although ingestion rates were significantly regulated by the prey-to-grazer ratios and, to a lesser degree, by temperatures (22 to 204 Synechococcus K. brevis−1 d−1). Overall, the rETRmax of Synechococcus controls generally increased over time with a more substantial increase at warmer temperatures, but, in the presence of grazers, the rETRmax of Synechococcus did not increase, and, remarkably, even decreased in some cases. These findings suggest that grazing on Synechococcus could directly regulate Synechococcus concentrations and indirectly reduce the photosynthetic performance of prey. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the thermal regulation of grazing and photosynthetic performance can occur on a short-term basis.

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Section: Warming Shifts Karenia Brevis Towards More Phago-heterotroph...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Ahn,

Glibert

2024

Water

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Mixotrophic protists and ecological stoichiometry: connecting homeostasis and nutrient limitation from organisms to communities

Schenone,

Aarons,

García-Martínez

et al. 2024

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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In recent decades, there has been a growing recognition that mixotrophy, the ability to utilize both phototrophy and phagotrophy, is more common among plankton than previously assumed. Even though mixotrophs can become highly abundant, especially under nutrient limitation, and significantly alter nutrient cycling and food-web dynamics due to their dual nutritional modes, a comprehensive synthesis from a stoichiometric perspective is still lacking. We conducted a systematic literature review in which we identified over 130 studies that directly relate nutrient ratios to mixotrophic protists at the organism to community scale. By conceptually linking mixotrophy with the concept of ecological stoichiometry, we provide insights into (1) the role of mixotrophic metabolism and nutrient limitation in regulating cellular homeostasis, (2) mixotroph abundance and community scale responses to nutrient limitation, and (3) the specific case of harmful algal bloom forming mixotrophs. On the organism scale, the existing literature points towards a stabilizing effect of mixotrophic metabolism on elemental composition, and the use of grazing as a compensation mechanism under stoichiometric imbalances in the water and prey. At the community scale, mixotrophs were found to increase in abundance relative to strict autotrophs and heterotrophs in nutrient-limited communities, and provide beneficial food for zooplankton grazers by maintaining relatively low and stable stoichiometry. Furthermore, global-scale models and studies of harmful algal blooms reveal the increasing importance of mixotrophs under climate change – highlighting the need for continued research addressing the interactions between mixotrophs and dynamic stoichiometry to understand the impacts of mixotrophs on global nutrient cycles.

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Selective Feeding of a Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate (Lepidodinium sp.) in Response to Experimental Warming and Inorganic Nutrient Imbalance

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Temperature-Dependent Mixotrophy in Natural Populations of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Mixotrophic protists and ecological stoichiometry: connecting homeostasis and nutrient limitation from organisms to communities

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