Selective Growth of Dual-Color-Emitting Heterogeneous Microdumbbells Composed of Organic Charge-Transfer Complexes

Lei, Yongjiu; Liao, Liang; Lee, Shuit Tong

doi:10.1021/ja3114278

Cited by 122 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To further increase the number of decks, we separated the nucleation and growth stages into distinct experimental steps1326. Such deliberate separation of crystallization stages allows lateral growth onto completely developed pure C 70 bumpy rods (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique Crystallization of Fullerenes: Fullerene Flowers

Kim

Park

Song

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Solution-phase crystallization of fullerene molecules strongly depends on the types of solvent and their ratios because solvent molecules are easily included in the crystal lattice and distort its structure. The C70 (solute)–mesitylene (solvent) system yields crystals with various morphologies and structures, such as cubes, tubes, and imperfect rods. Herein, using C60 and C70 dissolved in mesitylene, we present a novel way to grow unique flower-shaped crystals with six symmetric petals. The different solubility of C60 and C70 in mesitylene promotes nucleation of C70 with sixfold symmetry in the early stage, which is followed by co-crystallization of both C60 and C70 molecules, leading to lateral petal growth. Based on the growth mechanism, we obtained more complex fullerene crystals, such as multi-deck flowers and tube-flower complexes, by changing the sequence and parameters of crystallization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4a, scheme). C 60 hexagonal tubes, whose tips have high surface energy262728, were used as the crystallization seed and ultimately the stem (Fig. 4a insets).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Crystallization of Fullerenes: Fullerene Flowers

Kim

Park

Song

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…In this regard, co-crystallization opens up a door not only for synthesis of new multifunctional materials but also exploration of novel physical and chemical phenomena. It is appealing, however, the optoelectronic properties of organic co-crystals are focused very recently, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] though the first co-crystal "quinhydrone" was already discovered by Wöhler in 1844, 24 while the definition of co-crystal was given and generally accepted since 2003. [25][26][27] This is partially because of many remained challenges in this direction, and one of them is achieving effective co-crystallization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Charge-Transfer Interactions in Halogen-Bonded Co-crystals toward Versatile Solid-State Optoelectronics

et al. 2015

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Charge-transfer (CT) interactions between donor (D) and acceptor (A) groups, as well as CT exciton dynamics, play important roles in optoelectronic devices, such as organic solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting sources, which are not yet well understood. In this contribution, the self-assembly behavior, molecular stacking structure, CT interactions, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and corresponding physicochemical properties of two similar halogen-bonded co-crystals are comprehensively investigated and compared, to construct an "assembly-structure-CT-property" relationship. Bpe-IFB wire-like crystals (where Bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and IFB = 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene), packed in a segregated stacking form with CT ground and excited states, are measured to be quasi-one-dimensional (1D) semiconductors and show strong violet-blue photoluminescence (PL) from the lowest CT1 excitons (ΦPL = 26.1%), which can be confined and propagate oppositely along the 1D axial direction. In comparison, Bpe-F4DIB block-like crystals (F4DIB = 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene), packed in a mixed stacking form without CT interactions, are determined to be insulators and exhibit unique white light emission and two-dimensional optical waveguide property. Surprisingly, it seems that the intrinsic spectroscopic states of Bpe and F4DIB do not change after co-crystallization, which is also confirmed by theoretical calculations, thus offering a new design principle for white light emitting materials. More importantly, we show that the CT interactions in co-crystals are related to their molecular packing and can be triggered or suppressed by crystal engineering, which eventually leads to distinct optoelectronic properties. These results help us to rationally control the CT interactions in organic D-A systems by tuning the molecular stacking, toward the development of a fantastic "optoelectronic world".

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“…This proposal indicates that not just any two types of materials can recognize each other and aggregate into cocrystals in which intermolecular interactions play asignificant role.Generally, cocrystals with irregular shapes are obtained as ar esult of weak interactions, [17,18] whereas strong CT interactions,a s ad riving force for self-assembly,a re observed in common cocrystals with D-A stacking, thus leading to one-dimensional (1D) supramolecular structures. [2,12] In contrast, organic cocrystals with uniform 2D morphology (2D cocrystals) are little reported, but are desired because of their potential applications in graphene-like optoelectronics,fieldeffect transistors (FETs), [19] whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) lasers, [20] and optical planar diodes, [21] as well as because of their fundamental interest for anisotropic studies.T herefore, the random assembly of different materials into cocrystals with adesired morphology and function remains achallenge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Charge‐Transfer Interactions in Self‐Assembled Organic Cocrystals: Two‐Dimensional Photonic Applications

et al. 2015

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A new crystal of a charge-transfer (CT) complex was prepared through supramolecular assembly and it has unique two-dimensional (2D) morphology. The CT nature of the ground and excited states of this new Bpe-TCNB cocrystal (BTC) were confirmed by electron spin resonance measurements, spectroscopic studies, and theoretical calculations, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of the CT interactions in organic donor-acceptor systems. And the lowest CT1 excitons are responsible for the efficient photoluminescence (Φ(PL)=19%), which can actively propagate in individual 2D BTCs without anisotropy, thus implying that the optical waveguide property of the crystal is not related to the molecular stacking structure. This unique 2D CT cocrystal exhibits potential for use in functional photonic devices in the next-generation optoelectronic communications.

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Selective Growth of Dual-Color-Emitting Heterogeneous Microdumbbells Composed of Organic Charge-Transfer Complexes

Cited by 122 publications

References 29 publications

Unique Crystallization of Fullerenes: Fullerene Flowers

Unique Crystallization of Fullerenes: Fullerene Flowers

Rational Design of Charge-Transfer Interactions in Halogen-Bonded Co-crystals toward Versatile Solid-State Optoelectronics

Revealing the Charge‐Transfer Interactions in Self‐Assembled Organic Cocrystals: Two‐Dimensional Photonic Applications

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