Selective Growth of PbSe on One or Both Tips of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanorods

Kudera, Stefan; Carbone, Luigi; Casula, Maria Francesca; Cingolani, R.; Falqui, Andrea; Snoeck, E.; Parak, Wolfgang J.; Manna, Liberato

doi:10.1021/nl048060g

Cited by 232 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the condensed matter physics community, it is common to speak of nanocrystals as "artificial atoms", with controlled density of states and designed properties 54 . Extending this analogy, we can imagine the possibility of creating "artificial molecules" consisting of groups of interconnected inorganic nanocrystals of controlled size, shape, and three-dimensional orientation 27,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] .…”

Section: The Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface

Yin

Alivisatos

2004

Nature

3,125

2,730

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Colloidal nanocrystals are sometimes referred to as 'artificial atoms' because the density of their electronic states-which controls many physical properties-can be widely and easily tuned by adjusting composition, size and shape. The combination of strongly size-and shape-dependent physical properties and ease of fabrication and processing makes nanocrystals promising building blocks for materials with designed functions 1,2 . But the ability to control the uniformity of the size, shape, composition, crystal structure and surface properties of the nanocrystals is not only of technological interest: having access to defined nanoscale structures is essential to uncovering their intrinsic properties unaffected by sample inhomogeneity. Rigorous understanding of the properties of individual nanocrystals enables exploitation of collective properties of nanocrystal ensembles, making it possible to design and fabricate novel electronic, magnetic and photonic devices and other functional materials based on these nanostructures.Colloidal nanocrystals with a semiconductor as the inorganic material-so-called quantum dots-exhibit size tunable band gaps and luminescence energies due to the quantum size effect 3 . This has led to their use as fluorescent biological labels 4-6 , with colloidal quantum dots now widely employed as targeted fluorescent labels in biomedical research applications. Compared to the organic fluorophores that have been used as biological labels previously, quantum dots are extremely bright and do not photo-bleach, and they provide a readily accessible range of colors. Other applications that could benefit from the combination of low-cost processing with solid-state performance include the use of colloidal quantum dots and rods as possible alternatives to semiconductor polymers in light emitting diodes 7 , lasers 8 , and solar cells 9 . The scope for these applications has prompted intensive study of the synthesis of these materials to optimize colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal fabrication. As a result, many new concepts for controlling the size, shape, and connectivity or coupling of colloidal nanocrystals have been developed first for these materials, but a unified set of synthesis control concepts is now also applied to other classes of materials such as metals and metal oxides. These materials will extend the range of potential applications for colloidal nanocrystals to many other areas, including catalysis.Over the last decade chemists have come to appreciate that from the point of view of synthesis, colloidal inorganic nanocrystals can be viewed as a class of macromolecule, with preparative strategies that are similar in many ways to those employed with artificial organic polymers. For nanocrystals of one to one hundred nanometers diameter, it is possible to define the average and the dispersion of the diameter, as well as the aspect ratio; the degree of precision with which the desired structure is realized is similar to what is achieved with synthetic polymers, where the preparative means at o...

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Section: The Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface

Yin

Alivisatos

2004

Nature

3,125

2,730

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…by stronger binding of the ligand to certain crystal facets, as discussed in greater detail and with more examples in a number of reviews Manna et al 2002;Burda et al 2005;Perez-Juste et al 2005;Yin & Alivisatos 2005;Kumar & Nann 2006;Grzelczak et al 2008;Kudera et al 2008;Tao et al 2008). Recently, composite particles with domains of different materials have also been demonstrated (Mokari et al 2004(Mokari et al , 2005Kudera et al 2005;Yu et al 2005;Pellegrino et al 2006;Zhang et al 2006), e.g. heterodimers of CdS and FePt (Gu et al 2004), Co/CdSe (Kim et al 2005c) and others (Carpenter et al 2000;Quarta et al 2007;Zanella et al 2008) that can possess e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification, functionalization and bioconjugation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles

Sperling

Parak

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

1,409

1,092

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Inorganic colloidal nanoparticles are very small, nanoscale objects with inorganic cores that are dispersed in a solvent. Depending on the material they consist of, nanoparticles can possess a number of different properties such as high electron density and strong optical absorption (e.g. metal particles, in particular Au), photoluminescence in the form of fluorescence (semiconductor quantum dots, e.g. CdSe or CdTe) or phosphorescence (doped oxide materials, e.g. Y 2 O 3 ), or magnetic moment (e.g. iron oxide or cobalt nanoparticles). Prerequisite for every possible application is the proper surface functionalization of such nanoparticles, which determines their interaction with the environment. These interactions ultimately affect the colloidal stability of the particles, and may yield to a controlled assembly or to the delivery of nanoparticles to a target, e.g. by appropriate functional molecules on the particle surface. This work aims to review different strategies of surface modification and functionalization of inorganic colloidal nanoparticles with a special focus on the material systems gold and semiconductor nanoparticles, such as CdSe/ZnS. However, the discussed strategies are often of general nature and apply in the same way to nanoparticles of other materials.

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“…This enables the synthesis of multi-component nanostructures through the nucleation and growth of a secondary material on specific facets of the nanocrystals. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] While the methodology of sequential growth has been applied to a wide range of material combinations, its drawback is that the desired heterogeneous nucleation on the existing nanocrystal surface often competes with homogenous nucleation of separate nanocrystals of the secondary material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Facet Reactivity during Cation Exchange in Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods

et al. 2009

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The partial transformation of ionic nanocrystals through cation exchange has been used to synthesize nanocrystal heterostructures. We demonstrate that the selectivity for cation exchange to take place at different facets of the nanocrystal plays an important role in determining the resulting morphology of the binary heterostructure. In the case of copper I (Cu + ) cation exchange in cadmium 2 sulfide (CdS) nanorods, the reaction starts preferentially at the ends of the nanorods such that copper sulfide (Cu 2 S) grows inwards from either end. The resulting morphology is very different from the striped pattern obtained in our previous studies of silver I (Ag + ) exchange in CdS nanorods where nonselective nucleation of silver sulfide (Ag 2 S) occurs.1 From interface formation energies calculated for several models of epitaxial connections between CdS and Cu 2 S or Ag 2 S, we infer the relative stability of each interface during the nucleation and growth of Cu 2 S or Ag 2 S within the CdS nanorods. The epitaxial connections of Cu 2 S to the end facets of CdS nanorods minimize the formation energy, making these interfaces stable throughout the exchange reaction. However, as the two end facets of wurtzite CdS nanorods are crystallographically nonequivalent, asymmetric heterostructures can be produced.

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Selective Growth of PbSe on One or Both Tips of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanorods

Cited by 232 publications

References 37 publications

Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface

Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface

Surface modification, functionalization and bioconjugation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles

Selective Facet Reactivity during Cation Exchange in Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods

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