Selective imaging of presynaptic activity in the mouse olfactory bulb shows concentration and structure dependence of odor responses in identified glomeruli

Fried, Hans-Ulrich; Fuss, Stefan H.; Korsching, Sigrun I.

doi:10.1073/pnas.052658399

Cited by 95 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is estimated that there are about 1,000 genes encoding odorant receptors in rodents [57], but in humans many of these are believed to be pseudogenes, leaving only about 350 functional odorant receptor genes [58]. The number of qualitatively different odors perceived by humans can be estimated in, at least, the tens of thousands (almost all volatile organic compounds have odor), an observation that fits well with the prevalent notion that even single-chemical odorants produce a neural message consisting of the combined output (pattern) of many odorant receptors with overlapping odorant specificity [27,44,46]. These coding characteristics further highlight the relevance of approaches that, like ours, address the integrated functional response of the human olfactory system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Odor detection of single chemicals and binary mixtures

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

Abraham

2005

Behavioural Brain Research

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The investigation explored the olfactory detectability of two chemically and structurally similar esters, ethyl propanoate and ethyl heptanoate, presented singly and in mixtures. Initially, we measured concentration-detection (i.e., psychometric) functions for the odor of ethyl propanoate and ethyl heptanoate presented singly. Using this information, we prepared binary mixtures of the two chemicals in varying complementary proportions and, also, selected concentrations of the single compounds, such that, if a rule of response-addition (i.e., independence of detection) were to hold, the stimuli (mixed and single) should approximate equal detection. Next, we measured the actual detectability of these stimuli within the same experiment. The results were analyzed in terms of response-addition (or -additivity) and of dose-addition (oradditivity). The outcome revealed that at low levels of detectability the mixtures approximate response-addition, that is, independence of detection, whereas at high levels of detectability they approximate dose-addition. In the light of previous findings for the olfactory detection of the more dissimilar chemical pairs 1-butanol/2-heptanone and butyl acetate/toluene, we conclude that the described outcome generalizes across a variety of chemical pairs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Odor detection of single chemicals and binary mixtures

Cometto‐Muñiz

Cain

Abraham

2005

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…We measured odorant-evoked patterns of ORN input to glomeruli in the dorsal OB of mice after loading ORNs with Calcium Green-1 dextran as described previously (Friedrich and Korsching, 1997;Wachowiak and Cohen, 2001;Fried et al, 2002;Wachowiak et al, 2004). Odorant stimulation evoked fluorescence changes reflecting calcium influx into ORN presynaptic terminals in discrete foci corresponding, most likely, to individual glomeruli (Belluscio and Katz, 2001;Wachowiak et al, 2004).…”

Section: Patterns Of Glomerular Activation Are Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Dynamics and Latency Patterns of Receptor Neuron Input to the Olfactory Bulb

Spors¹,

Wachowiak²,

Cohen³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

244

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Odorants are first represented in the brain by distributed patterns of activity in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although neurons downstream of sensory inputs respond to odorants with temporally structured activity, sensory inputs to glomeruli are typically described as static maps. Here, we imaged the temporal dynamics of receptor neuron input to the OB with a calcium-sensitive dye in the olfactory receptor nerve terminals in anesthetized mice. We found that diverse, glomerulus-and odorant-dependent temporal dynamics are present even at this initial input stage. Instantaneous spatial patterns of receptor input to glomeruli changed both within and between respiration cycles. Glomerular odorant responses differed in amplitude, latency, rise time, and degree of modulation by sniffing in an odorant-specific manner. Pattern dynamics within the first respiration cycle recurred in a similar manner during consecutive cycles. When sniff rate was increased artificially, pattern dynamics were preserved in the first sniff but were attenuated during subsequent sniffs. Temporal response properties were consistent across individuals on a coarse regional scale and on a fine scale of individual glomeruli. Latency and magnitude of glomerular inputs were only weakly correlated and might therefore convey independent odorant information. These data demonstrate that glomerular maps of primary sensory input to the OB are temporally dynamic. These dynamics may contribute to the representation of odorant information and affect information processing in the central olfactory system of rodents.

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“…Odors are represented as stable, spatial patterns of neuronal activity in the OB/AL, as shown by optophysiological studies in both vertebrates (Friedrich and Korsching, 1998;Rubin and Katz, 1999;Uchida et al, 2000;Meister and Bonhoeffer, 2001;Fried et al, 2002) and insects (Joerges and Neyer, 1997;Galizia et al, 1999b;Sachse and Galizia, 2002;Wang et al, 2003;Skiri et al, 2004;Carlsson et al, 2005;Silbering and Galizia, 2007). As a result of the separation of natural blend information into different OSN channels, subsequent integration of at least a subset of these channels is required to establish blend-specific features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennal Lobe Processing Correlates to Moth Olfactory Behavior

Kuebler

Schubert²,

Kárpáti

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Animals typically perceive their olfactory environment as a complex blend of natural odor cues. In insects, the initial processing of odors occurs in the antennal lobe (AL). Afferent peripheral input from olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) is modified via mostly inhibitory local interneurons (LNs) and transferred by projection neurons (PNs) to higher brain centers. Here we performed optophysiological studies in the AL of the moth, Manduca sexta, and recorded odor-evoked calcium changes in response to antennal stimulation with five monomolecular host volatiles and their artificial mixture. In a double staining approach, we simultaneously measured OSN network input in concert with PN output across the glomerular array. By comparing odor-evoked activity patterns and response intensities between the two processing levels, we show that host mixtures could generally be predicted from the linear summation of their components at the input of the AL, but output neurons established a unique, nonlinear spatial pattern separate from individual component identities. We then assessed whether particularly high levels of signal modulation correspond to behavioral relevance. One of our mixture components, phenyl acetaldehyde, evoked significant levels of nonlinear input-output modulation in observed spatiotemporal activation patterns that were unique from the other individual odorants tested. This compound also accelerated behavioral activity in subsequent wind tunnel tests, whereas another compound that did not exhibit high levels of modulation also did not affect behavior. These results suggest that the high degree of input-output modulation exhibited by the AL for specific odors can correlate to behavioral output.

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Selective imaging of presynaptic activity in the mouse olfactory bulb shows concentration and structure dependence of odor responses in identified glomeruli

Cited by 95 publications

References 47 publications

Odor detection of single chemicals and binary mixtures

Odor detection of single chemicals and binary mixtures

Temporal Dynamics and Latency Patterns of Receptor Neuron Input to the Olfactory Bulb

Antennal Lobe Processing Correlates to Moth Olfactory Behavior

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