Selective impairment of topographical memory: a single case study.

Whiteley, A. M.; Warrington, Elizabeth K.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.41.6.575

Cited by 116 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been mainly reported in right mesial occipitotemporal lesions [1, 8, 24]. The syndrome can be either isolated or associated with other agnosias and difficulties, specially prosopagnosia [24, 25, 26]The relationship between prosopagnosia and TD is so evident that 13 out of 23 cases of chronic prosopagnosia also had difficulty in finding their way [6]. Patients with TTD of agnosic nature can also exhibit difficulty in visual recognition of faces (one of our cases however not included in this study) [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 5 out of our 10 patients (episodes from cases 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8) and several other cases from the literature [5, 9, 10, 13]presented with this kind of TTD. The disorder has been related to a memory alteration and considered to be ‘amnestic’ in origin [2, 25]. The common point to all these five observations seems to be the difficulty in finding the position of places or things related to oneself, that is, some kind of egocentric disorientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transient Topographical Disorientation

et al. 2002

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Transient topographical disorientation (TTD) is a short-lasting inability to find one’s way in a familiar environment, while the patient remains conscious and is able to recall what happened. We report the study of 10 patients with episodes of TTD, studied on the days following the last episode. The episodes of TTD could be separated into two types: the patients either reported difficulties in spatial orientation with preserved abilities to recognize landmarks and objects, or the difficulties appeared with the recognition of landmarks. Tests exploring spatial orientation, as well as higher visuoperceptive capacities were altered in most of the patients and brain SPECT showed hypoperfusion of the right hemisphere in all patients, which could also be demonstrated 2 years later in some cases. Altogether, our findings suggest that TTD is frequently associated with a more persistent right hemisphere dysfunction of unknown cause. This chronic alteration could represent either a sequel of the acute episode or a preexisting right hemisphere deficit, which inclined the acute insult to be manifested as TTD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Topographical Disorientation

et al. 2002

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“…The first class of topographically disoriented patients can be described as ''landmark agnosics,'' in that the primary aspect of their impairment is an inability to use prominent, salient environmental features for the purposes of orientation (40,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53). Although able to produce maps and describe routes, suggesting intact spatial representation, these patients are unable to recognize previously familiar landmarks.…”

Section: Neocortical Representations Of Environmental Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Neural components of topographical representation

Aguirre

Zarahn

D’Esposito

1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

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Studies of patients with focal brain damage suggest that topographical representation is subserved by dissociable neural subcomponents. This article offers a condensed review of the literature of ''topographical disorientation'' and describes several functional MRI studies designed to test hypotheses generated by that review. Three hypotheses are considered: (i) The parahippocampal cortex is critically involved in the acquisition of exocentric spatial information in humans; (ii) separable, posterior, dorsal, and ventral cortical regions subserve the perception and long term representation of position and identity, respectively, of landmarks; and (iii) there is a distinct area of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex that responds maximally to building stimuli and may play a role in the perception of salient landmarks. We conclude with a discussion of the inferential limitations of neuroimaging and lesion studies. It is proposed that combining these two approaches allows for inferences regarding the computational involvement of a neuroanatomical substrate in a given cognitive process although neither method can strictly support this conclusion alone.The topographical domain may be defined as that space that is beyond our immediate perceptual horizon. Topographical spaces include the interior of a building or the town in which the building is located. We routinely generate internal representations of these spaces, as well as their contents, which suffice to guide us from place to place. There are, perhaps, as many different kinds of representations as there are possible solutions to the problem of way-finding, ranging from inflexible, route-based lists of right and left turns to map-like representations that encode the metric distance relationships between landmarks (1). These representations can be cast within different spatial frames, including egocentric (bodycentered) and exocentric (world-centered) coordinates (2). There is evidence that these different types of representations can be brought to bear in combination and in isolation, depending on the features of the environment (3) and the means (4) and goals (5) of exploration. The aim of this article is to review some recent studies regarding the neural basis of these types of topographical representations.There are three primary ideas that will be presented here. All three fall under the more general proposal that distinct functional, neuroanatomical components, which normally operate in concert to provide the seamless percept of orientation, differentially contribute to the representational processes mentioned above. Each of these hypotheses are related to the performance deficits from which topographically disoriented brain-damaged patients suffer, and these hypotheses have been tested explicitly in intact subjects by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).The first hypothesis is that the medial-temporal lobes are regionally subspecialized for the acquisition of topographic information. The hippocampus holds a privileged position (1) in ...

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“…Topographical amnesia is observed with reference to memory deficits and can be divided into two subtypes: amnesia for landmarks and amnesia for spatial relationships. The former (see, for example, [33]) is characterized by a preserved ability in recognizing visual landmarks useful for real-world wayfinding (for example, street names and store signs) with an evident difficulty in recalling. In the latter case, patients are unable to recall the spatial location of different landmarks related to each other (for example, [2,35]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A larger and well-studied group of cases with TD is that of patients affected by landmark agnosia, a deficit characterized by the inability to use salient environmental features for orientation [30][31][32][33]. The lesions involve cortical areas specialized in topographical representation: bilateral or right medial occipito-temporal cortex, including fusiform, lingual and parahippocampal gyri.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%