“…Informally, an experimental manipulation selectively influences a subprocess if that manipulation affects that sub-process and none of other sub-processes being measured. For a discussion of more formal definitions of selective influence, see (Dzhafarov, 2003;Ashby and Townsend, 1980). Under certain constraints on the distributions, direct tests for selective influence exist (Kujala and Dzhafarov, 2008), but in general we can only test that a set of empirical consequences of selective influence are not violated in the data.…”