Selective Isolation of Eggerthella lenta from Human Faeces and Characterisation of the Species Prophage Diversity

Abstract

Eggerthella lenta is an anaerobic, high GC, Gram-positive bacillus commonly found in the human digestive tract that belongs to the class Coriobacteriia of the phylum Actinobacteria. This species has been of increasing interest as an important player in the metabolism of xenobiotics and dietary compounds. However, little is known regarding its susceptibility to bacteriophage predation and how this may influence its fitness. Here, we report the isolation of seven novel E. lenta strains using cefotaxime and ceftriaxone as selective agents. We conducted comparative and pangenome analyses of these strains and those publicly available to investigate the diversity of prophages associated with this species. Prophage gene products represent a minimum of 5.8% of the E. lenta pangenome, comprising at least ten distantly related prophage clades that display limited homology to currently known bacteriophages. All clades possess genes implicated in virion structure, lysis, lysogeny and, to a limited extent, DNA replication. Some prophages utilise tyrosine recombinases and diversity generating retroelements to generate phase variation among targeted genes. The prophages have differing levels of sensitivity to the CRISPR/cas systems of their hosts, with spacers from 44 E. lenta isolates found to target only five out of the ten identified prophage clades. Furthermore, using a PCR-based approach targeting the prophage attP site, we were able to determine that several of these elements can excise from the host chromosome, thus supporting the notion that these are active prophages. The findings of this study provide further insights into the diversity of prophages infecting species of the phylum Actinobacteria.

Systems biology illuminates alternative metabolic niches in the human gut microbiome

“…Further examination of the tar/tag biosynthetic gene cluster in which these genes are located revealed extensive strain diversity, with 10 different gene arrangements across the 30 isolates ( Figure S7D ), suggesting recent positive selection possibly as a form of phage defense (Buttimer et al, 2022; Soto-Perez et al, 2019) or host immune interaction (van Dalen et al, 2020). Most genomes have one or more genes with homology to E. coli arnC genes in this region, indicating that the products may be lipoteichoic acids anchored to the cell membrane rather than wall teichoic acids (Percy and Gründling, 2014).…”

Temperate bacteriophages infecting the mucin-degrading bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus from the human gut

“…The latter observation has been made among other species of gut bacteria. 61 The alignment of the known attP site of phage phiRgPS6 with the five other Ruminococus phages demonstrated a diversity of the nucleotide sequence within this region among the six phages. This diversity may indicate that the six phages target different attB sites at different loci that can occur within an R. gnavus genome.…”

Abundance and prevalence of ESBL coding genes in patients undergoing first line eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori

“…bolteae has been shown to be capable of producing beta-lactamases [ 92 , 93 ], as was E . lenta [ 94 ]. Generally, monotherapy is used to treat common infections such as pneumonia [ 95 ] and urinary tract infections [ 96 ], while dual antimicrobial treatment is used for H .…”