Selective loss of ribosomal RNA genes during the aging of post-mitotic tissues

Johnson, Roger W.; Chrisp, Clarence E.; Strehler, Bernard L.

doi:10.1016/0047-6374(72)90066-8

Cited by 42 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Unlike leaf discs, at- (Mello and Raymundo 1977, Harrises al. 1979, Dhillon and Miksche 1980a, or indirectly by molecular hybridization experiments (Johnson andStrehler 1972, Johnson et al 1972). The validity of the diphenylamine assay is questionable with regard to measurement of DNA changes, due to the problems of inaccurate cell counts and the inclusion of cells with 2C, 4C, and intermediate amounts of DNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA changes during sequential leaf senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Dhillon

Miksche

1981

Physiologia Plantarum

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Dhillon, S, S, and Miksche, J, P, 1981, DNA changes during sequential leaf senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Plant, Age related DNA changes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf nuclei were investigated by Feulgen cytophotometry, thermal denaturation, renaturation, and DNA-DNA hybridization studies during sequential leaf senescence, Cytophotometric Feulgen-DNA comparison measurements between young and senescing nuclei displayed 18% reduction in Feulgen-DNA values, with a corresponding decrease in nuclear area in senescing nuclei. Hydrolysis kinetics indicated that the loss was not due to compactness of the DNA as the curves for older nuclei were consistently lower than curves generated from younger nuclei. DNA loss in senescing nuclei was associated with a decrease in euchromatin or shift from euchromatin to facultative heterochromatin. Purified DNA from young and senescing leaf nuclei did not display different thermal profiles nor did hydroxylapatite chromatography reassociation curves, DNA-DNA hybridization in free solution from young and senescing leaf DNA performed by a Gilford thermo-programmer system indicated that DNA of senescing tobacco nuclei reassociated more slowly than DNA from young nuclei and the mixture of young and senescing leaf DNA displayed intermediate reassociation values. The study indicates that the DNA changes during senescence involve a complex phenomenon which includes the possibility of small single strand nicks undetectable by thermal denaturation, and a loss of small double strand fragments which were detectable only by precise DNA-DNA free solution reassociation and not by hydroxylapatite chromatography reassociation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA changes during sequential leaf senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Dhillon

Miksche

1981

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Impaired transcription during aging in the brain is suggested by reports of major reductions (30-50%) in the hybridization of nonrepetitive DNA t o nuclear R N A from aging mice (Cutler, 1975) and by decreased RNA content measured in whole brain or in specific neuronal types in aging rodents and humans (reviewed in Chaconas and Finch, 1973;Mann et al, 1978). De-creased RNA in the brain has been attributed to losses of ribosomal cistrons (Johnson et al, 1972; Strehler and Chang, 1979). However, difficulties in rigorously deproteinizing DNA from aging tissues can lead to underestimations of ribosomal cistron number (Gaubatz and Cutler, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain Poly(A)RNA During Aging: Stability of Yield and Sequence Complexity in Two Rat Strains

Colman

Kaplan

Osterburg

et al. 1980

Journal of Neurochemistry

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To evaluate whether major age-related changes occur during aging in the brain, we determined the sequence complexity of total poly(A)RNA and polysomal poly(A)RNA of brains from Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 male rats, aged 2-32 months. RNA complexity, determined by RNA-driven hybridization reactions with nonrepetitive DNA, was 6-7 X lox nucleotides for total poly(A)RNA, whereas polysomal poly(A)RNA had a sequence complexity of 2.3-2.8 x lo* nucleotides. Sprague-Dawley rats had polysomal poly(A)RNA with a yield per gram of brain and a complexity that was 20% greater than Fischer 344 rats.No age differences in total or polysomal poly(A)RNA complexity were detected in either strain. Mixtures of polysomal poly(A)RNA from different age groups gave complexity values that were indistinguishable from the complexity of each component, thereby indicating that most (>SO%) of the RNA sequences are common to all age groups studied. Analysis of total poly(A)RNA hybridization kinetics indicated that the major kinetic component had similar pseudo-first-order rate constants and complexity in all age groups. Consideration of interassay variation suggests that the limits of age changes in poly(A)RNA sequence complexity or content are ~1 0 % .Thus, age changes may be smaller than interstrain differences in the rat. We conclude that if genomic function is grossly impaired during aging, as presumed in many contemporary theories, the impairments are not expressed in most brain cells.Polysomal or total RNA (2-5 mg) was dissolved in buffer B (0.01 M-Tris-HC1, pH 7.4; 0.5 M -N~C~; 0.5% SDS) and bound to 1 g oligo(dT)-cellulose columns (type 7, P. L. Biochemicals, Milwaukee, Wisconsin), followed by washing with buffer B until the A260 of the eluant was negligible. Then, the bound poly(A)RNA-enriched fraction was eluted with H,O and rechromatographed twice to minimize contaminating ribosomal RNA (Kaplan et al., 1978, based on Aviv andLeder, 1972). The RNA was passed over Chelex (Biorad Laboratories, Richmond, California) (Davidson and Hough, 197 I) and precipitated the rat and mouse as a function of age and longevity. 1. Gerontol. 31, 405-408. Kurtz D. 1. and Sinex F. M. (1967) Age-related differences in the association of brain DNA and nuclear protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acia 145, 840-842. Mann D. M. A., Yates P. O., and Stamp J. E. (1978) The relationship between lipofuscin pigment and ageing in the human nervous system. J . Neurol. Sci. 37, 83 -93. Marmur J. (1961) A procedure for the isolation of DNA from microorganisms. . (1974) Thermal elution chromatography and the resolution of nucleic acids on hydroxylapatite. Anml. Biochetn. 61, 144-154. 487 -505. U S A 70, 3516-3520. idogia 12, 237-250. <'/?etil. 27, 77-82.

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“…To date, rRNA gene transcription activity has been reported to be an index of various phenomena including protein synthesis (Babu et al,1985; Fushiki et al,1995), tumor proliferation (Ruschoff et al,1989; Brustmann et al,1995; Elagoz et al,2000; Rath‐Wolfson et al,2006), long‐term changes during development (Fushiki et al,1995), brain augmentation due to learning (Vargas et al,2000), and decline in the aging brain (Johnson et al,1972a,1972b). rRNA gene transcription activity is considered a marker of protein synthesis and cell proliferation activity (Fushiki et al,1995; Thomas and Mukherjee,1996; Vargas et al,2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between ribosomal RNA gene transcription activity and motoneuron death: Observations of avulsion and axotomy of the facial nerve in rats

Nagasao¹,

Hayashi

Kawazoe

et al. 2007

J of Neuroscience Research

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Motoneuron number and expression of cytoplasmic RNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene transcription activity in the facial nucleus were examined quantitatively and chronologically for up to 4 weeks in rats after facial nerve axotomy and avulsion in order to elucidate interrelationships in axonal changes. The right facial nerves of adult Fischer rats were avulsed at a portion of the outlet or axotomized at a portion of the foramen stylomastoideus. The number of large motoneurons in the facial nucleus was reduced by 40% 2 weeks after avulsion and by 70% 4 weeks after avulsion but displayed a 19% loss even 4 weeks after axotomy. The amount of cytoplasmic RNA decreased significantly and progressively from 1 day after avulsion. rRNA gene transcription activity in the large motoneurons of the facial nucleus decreased significantly beginning 30 min after both axotomy and avulsion, but the severity of the decrease was far more marked in the avulsion group, showing a 59% loss from the control value 4 weeks after avulsion. These findings indicate that rRNA gene transcription activity, expression of cytoplasmic RNA, and the number of motoneurons that survive are interrelated and that the decrease in rRNA gene transcription activity is a very early event in the phenomena observed in the axonal reactions of motoneurons.

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Selective loss of ribosomal RNA genes during the aging of post-mitotic tissues

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

DNA changes during sequential leaf senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

DNA changes during sequential leaf senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Brain Poly(A)RNA During Aging: Stability of Yield and Sequence Complexity in Two Rat Strains

Relationship between ribosomal RNA gene transcription activity and motoneuron death: Observations of avulsion and axotomy of the facial nerve in rats

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