Selective mono-isopropylation of 1,3-propanediol with isopropyl alcohol using heteropoly acid supported on K-10 clay catalyst

Supported silicotungstic acid on zirconia catalyst for gas phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein

“…Indeed, FESEM image reveals that the catalyst morphological characteristics remain unaffected during the reaction due to the good hydrothermal stability of zirconia (confirmed by TGA results). Similar results were also reported elsewhere [34][35][36].…”

Coke-tolerant SiW20-Al/Zr10 catalyst for glycerol dehydration to acrolein

“…The FESEM images confirm that the morphological properties of the catalyst remain unchanged because of the high hydrothermal stability of nano γ-Al2O3. Similar results have been reported elsewhere [35,49,50]. Figs.…”

“…The high dispersion and dark micelles of HSiW on the support, shown by TEM, are in agreement with the XRD results. HPAs consist of heavy metals, and the TEM results clearly indicate strong electron scattering [50]. The HSiW particle size is in the range 20-40 nm (Fig.…”

Current advances in the utility of functionalized SBA mesoporous silica for developing encapsulated nanocatalysts: state of the art

“…[140][141][142] The main drawbacks of this class of catalysts are low surface area and high solubility in water and conventional organic solvents. To circumvent these issues, immobilization of heteropolyacids on inorganic supports such as clays 143,144 have been suggested. More sophisticatedly, heteropolyacids can be encapsulated within a porous support.…”