Selective palladium electrochemical deposition onto AFM-scratched silicon surfaces

Santinacci, Lionel; Djenizian, Thierry; Hildebrand, H.; Ecoffey, Serge; Mokdad, H.; Campanella, Th.; Schmuki, Patrik

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00340-2

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This result was also reported by Santinacci et al (2005). Figure 13 shows the linear increase of scratches depth with number of cycles, as expected (Santinacci et al, 2003;Santinacci et al, 2005;Sundararajan & Bhushan, 1998). According to Figures 12 and 13, repeatability of results for PE substrate is less than PMMA layer.…”

Section: Nanolithography On Polyethylene Substratesupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The nanostructure formation normally occurs as a result of AFM tip motion above the polymer surface with set point magnitude constraining the tip to come closer to the surface (Lyuksyutov et al, 2004;Sadegh Hassani et al, 2008a;2008b;2010). In order to apply sufficient normal load to reach plastic deformation of surface, a three-side pyramidal single crystalline diamond tip or another tip with high spring constant is used and pressed against a desired surface (Santinacci et al, 2003;Sadegh Hassani et al, 2010). Much higher forces are achieved by accordingly increasing the applied voltage to piezo-scanner.…”

Section: Force Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For studying force effect, the force was increased by applying a higher voltage to the piezoscanner in order to reach the cantilever deflection (Z) corresponding to the force (F) range where plastic deformation of polymeric surface occurred. (Santinacci et al, 2003;Notargiacomo et al, 1999;Sadegh Hassani et al, 2008 b). Scratches were made in Y direction on various substrates in different conditions (Sadegh Hassani et al, 2008a;2008b;2010), so in this way the influences of applied normal force, scanning velocity, time of applying pressure and number of scratching cycles were investigated.…”

Section: Nanolithography On Various Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanolithography Study Using Scanning Probe Microscope

Hassani¹,

Aghabozorg²

2011

Recent Advances in Nanofabrication Techniques and Applications

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Section: Nanolithography On Polyethylene Substratesupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Force Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanolithography On Various Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanolithography Study Using Scanning Probe Microscope

Hassani¹,

Aghabozorg²

2011

Recent Advances in Nanofabrication Techniques and Applications

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“…It was shown before that the surface layer of the Si electrode can be damaged and removed by an AFM probe. This was either intended 17,[42][43][44] or occurred accidentally due to the interaction of AFM probes with the sample using the contact mode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Electron Transfer at Si Electrodes: Impact and Removal of the Native SiO₂Layer

Bülter

Sternad

Sardinha

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Silicon is considered as one of the promising alternatives to graphite as negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries. The electron transfer at uncharged microstructured and planar Si was characterized using the feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene as redox mediator. Approach curves and images demonstrate that the electron transfer rate constants at pristine Si are relatively small due to the native SiO 2 surface layer. In addition, the electron transfer rate constants show local variations because of the heterogeneous coverage of SiO 2 . The SiO 2 layer is at least partially removed by mechanical contact and abrasion with the microelectrode probe. After SiO 2 removal by the microelectrode or by a hydrofluoric acid dip, the electron transfer rate constants increase strongly and remain heterogeneous. Moreover, the surface of the Si electrodes is at least stable over hours after SiO 2 removal. The consequences for investigating the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Si are discussed. Silicon is considered as one of the promising alternatives to graphite as negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This is due to its wide abundance, low voltage and high theoretical gravimetric capacity of 3579 mAh g −1 .1 During the lithiation, the electrochemical potential of the Si electrode exceeds the stability window of the electrolyte and, consequently, the electrolyte is reductively decomposed.2 The decomposition products form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) covering the Si material lying beneath.3 A major challenge of Si as negative battery electrodes is the large volume change of ca. 270% 4 upon lithiation. Recurring lithiation/delithiation causes the electrode material to crack leading, in the worst case, to irreversible loss of active material. During the volume expansion non-passivated Si surfaces are expected to be exposed which are immediately covered by a SEI layer because of ongoing electrolyte decomposition. 5 Thus, similar to metallic Li electrodes the SEI layer is continuously re-formed and remains instable during each lithiation process. 6 The properties of the SEI are important for the performance of Si negative electrodes. 5,7 In order to evaluate the Si electrode performance, reliable in situ characterization of the SEI is definitely a key issue for the progress in this field. In general, scanning probe techniques are frequently applied for various aspects of battery research. 8,9 Especially atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to characterize in situ and ex situ the SEI at amorphous Si (a-Si) thin films, [10][11][12][13][14] Si-based thin films, 11,15 a-Si nanopillars 16 and Si nanowires. 17,18 AFM provides information about the morphology evolution and physical properties of the SEI. The present study aims at characterizing the functional properties of Si electrodes in situ by the feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), which probes the local electron transfer ra...

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“…It can be deposited on vitreous carbon [12], gold [13], platinum [14] and silica [15]. It can also increase the corrosion resistance of stainless steel [16] but hydrogen ions can be adsorbed within the crystal lattice causing internal stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of a rotating cylinder electrode to selective recover palladium from acid solutions used to manufacture automotive catalytic converters

et al. 2010

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The reduction of palladium, rhodium and neodymium ions at concentrations of 0.94, 0.97 and 0.69 mol dm -3 , respectively was studied in 1 mol dm -3 HNO 3 or 1 mol dm -3 HCl, at a stainless steel and a vitreous carbon electrode, at 25°C. At a vitreous carbon electrode in a solution containing rhodium and palladium ions in 1 mol dm -3 HCl electrolyte, the reduction of metal ions occurred at a similar potential to the formation of hydrogen gas, which impeded the selective separation of the two metals. At a stainless steel cathode in 1 mol dm -3 HNO 3 , palladium deposition occurred at a potential &0.35 V less negative than that of rhodium allowing the selective recovery of palladium. Neodymium ions were not electroactive in acidic chloride or nitrate media at pH 0. Using a solution obtained from a catalytic converter manufacturer containing palladium, rhodium and neodymium ions in 1 mol dm -3 HNO 3 , palladium ions were preferentially removed at 0.15 V versus SHE at an average cumulative current efficiency of 57%.

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Selective palladium electrochemical deposition onto AFM-scratched silicon surfaces

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Nanolithography Study Using Scanning Probe Microscope

Nanolithography Study Using Scanning Probe Microscope

Investigation of the Electron Transfer at Si Electrodes: Impact and Removal of the Native SiO₂Layer

The use of a rotating cylinder electrode to selective recover palladium from acid solutions used to manufacture automotive catalytic converters

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Selective palladium electrochemical deposition onto AFM-scratched silicon surfaces

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Nanolithography Study Using Scanning Probe Microscope

Nanolithography Study Using Scanning Probe Microscope

Investigation of the Electron Transfer at Si Electrodes: Impact and Removal of the Native SiO2Layer

The use of a rotating cylinder electrode to selective recover palladium from acid solutions used to manufacture automotive catalytic converters

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Investigation of the Electron Transfer at Si Electrodes: Impact and Removal of the Native SiO₂Layer