Selective predation of organophosphate-exposed prey by American kestrels

Hunt, Kristin; Bird, David F.; Mineau, Pierre; Shutt, Laird J.

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(92)90010-7

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most flights in the aviaries were due to disturbances or the appearance of predatory birds. This reduced level of evasive behavior is again likely to be linked to the need to feed but again increases the risk of predation [19] and may also reduce the chances of capture in mist nets. The predation of intoxicated birds while in cover or while less alert on emergence may also lead to risk of secondary poisoning of the predator.…”

Section: Consequences For the Birdsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Fryday¹,

Hart²,

Langton³

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-It has been suggested that reduced behavioral activity of birds exposed to anticholinesterase pesticides could bias measures of exposure in field studies if the worst-affected individuals were underrepresented in samples collected by shooting or netting. To assess the likely scale of such biases, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were housed in large aviaries containing simulated bushes made from natural vegetation. Each bird was given a near-lethal dose of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorfenvinphos, and the proportion of time spent in and out of cover was recorded before and after treatment. Use of cover by exposed birds increased significantly 0 to 7 h after treatment, whereas feeding and flying activity decreased. On the following day, there was little difference in the use of cover by exposed and control birds. Mathematical models were used to estimate the effect of these behavioral changes on the sampling of birds from wild populations. The results confirm the potential for sampling bias to occur after acute pesticide exposure. This bias is reduced in samples taken over 24 h after exposure, but delayed samples are unlikely to be representative of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition at the time of maximal effect. When poisoned birds seek cover, it is more difficult to find casualties in field trials and the probability that dead birds will be found and recorded in wildlife casualty monitoring schemes is reduced. We conclude that considerable caution is required in using ChE activity as an indicator of exposure in avian field trials.

show abstract

Section: Consequences For the Birdsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Fryday¹,

Hart²,

Langton³

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This could imply that most of the 'tag only' birds were shot and then taken by a scavenger (shot woodpigeons are quite commonly not retrieved by the hunter). Sub-lethal exposure to pesticides might increase vulnerability to hunting (Hunt et al 1992) or decrease it (if affected birds retreat to cover; Fryday et al 1996). In conclusion, any number between none and ten of the 'tag only' birds may have been pesticide casualties; in the absence of definitive evidence any of these numbers might be considered equally likely.…”

Section: Radio-trackingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimating the rate of poisoning by insecticide-treated seeds in a bird population

Prosser¹,

Hart²,

Langton³

et al. 2006

Ecotoxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poisonings of granivorous birds by cereal seed treatments have been reported in the UK, but the true frequency of poisonings is unknown. We aimed to measure the rate of mortality due to poisoning by seed treatments in woodpigeons (Columba palumbus) in an area of East Anglian farmland where the risk from these compounds appeared high. Woodpigeons were fitted with temperature-sensing radio-tags and monitored daily during the winters of 1994/95 and 1995/96. Birds' deaths were detected and attempts made to retrieve carcasses for post-mortem examination including, where possible, analysis for pesticide residues. Ninety-one woodpigeons were monitored. Eleven birds died, but the causes of their deaths were uncertain: one contained a low residue of insecticide and in the other ten cases, no carcass was recovered, so no analysis was possible. Therefore, the number poisoned by pesticides could lie anywhere between zero and eleven. During 1994/95, estimated mortality ranged from 0% to 52%, depending on how many (if any) of the 11 casualties were poisoned. During 1995/96 there were no casualties. Using conservative diagnostic rules for classifying birds as poisoned by OP seed treatments, no link was found between the availability of treated fields in the study area and the rate of poisonings, and there were no significant differences between the two study years. For reasons discussed in the paper, true mortality resulting from exposure to insecticide seed treatments was considered likely to lie in the range 0-5%.

show abstract

“…Studies of the effects of OPs on predations have shown that birds exhibit increased susceptibility to predation from avian and mammalian predators under field Buerger et al 1991;Hawkes et al 1996;McEwen et al 1986) and laboratory conditions (Galindo et al 1985;Hunt et al 1991 increased susceptibility to predators occurred at exposures that would result in partial mortality in populations not exposed to predatory stress. Exposures to subacute concentrations of chlorpyrifos generally have not led to increased predation, particularly in field evaluations, perhaps due to increased secretive and coverseeking behaviors shown by intoxicated birds (Fryday et al 1996).…”

Section: Terrestrial Risk Assessment For Chlorpyrifos In Corn Agroecomentioning

confidence: 98%

Chlorpyrifos: Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals in Corn Agroecosystems

Solomon

Giesy

Kendall

et al. 2001

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A tiered risk assessment was conducted for the use of granular and liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos in corn agroecosystems in the U.S. The initial screening Tier I assessment suggested that under high-exposure scenarios the granular and some spray formulations present potential hazards to birds. Higher tiered probabilistic risk assessments were conducted separately for the granular and liquid formulations. The probabilistic assessment indicated that risk to birds from exposure to granular formulation is small and that this route of exposure would not be a significant source of mortality. Similarly, the assessment of potential exposure of birds to food items contaminated with chlorpyrifos showed that the risk from exposure via food was small, even if it was assumed that birds feed only on the treated fields. Although they have potentially greater sensitivity to chlorpyrifos, effects in nestling birds consuming food items from fields treated with granular chlorpyrifos were negligible. However, risks to young birds may be greater where the major source of food is from fields treated with liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos. A review of field studies showed that wildlife mortality incidents associated with use of either granular or liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos are not widely apparent in agroecosystems. Based on the multiple lines of evidence, we conclude that the presumption that chlorpyrifos use in corn agroecosystems will result in extensive Solomon et al. mortality of terrestrial wildlife, particularly birds and mammals, is not supported by the scientific evidence.

show abstract

Selective predation of organophosphate-exposed prey by American kestrels

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Estimating the rate of poisoning by insecticide-treated seeds in a bird population

Chlorpyrifos: Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals in Corn Agroecosystems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About