Selective Priming of Syntactic Processing by Event-Related Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Broca's Area

Sakai, Katsuyuki; Noguchi, Yasuki; Takeuchi, Tatsuya; Watanabe, Eiju

doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00873-5

Cited by 86 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previous results (e.g. (Hashimoto and Sakai, 2002;Sakai et al, 2002)) have indicated a left-hemisphere specialization for sentence comprehension and processing, involving BA 44/45 and BA 8. However, a distinction has been made between explicit and implicit syntactic processing (Sakai et al, 2003), with BA 44/45 only recruited for explicit syntactic decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2006

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The ability to comprehend narratives constitutes an important component of human development and experience. The neural correlates of auditory narrative comprehension in children were investigated in a large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study involving 313 subjects ages 5-18. Using group Independent Component Analysis (ICA), bilateral task-related components were found comprising the primary auditory cortex, the mid-superior temporal gyrus, the hippocampus, the angular gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobule (precuneus/posterior cingulate). In addition, a right-lateralized component was found involving the most posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus, and a left-lateralized component was found comprising the inferior frontal gyrus (including Broca's area), the inferior parietal lobule, and the medial temporal gyrus. Using a novel data-driven analysis technique, increased task-related activity related to age was found in the components comprising the mid-superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) and the posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus, while decreased activity related to age was found in the component comprising the angular gyrus. The results are discussed in light of recent hypotheses involving the functional segregation of Wernicke's area and the specific role of the mid-superior temporal gyrus in speech comprehension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2006

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“…For the first goal, it was hypothesized that the left inferior frontal cortex (Broca's area) known to be involved in native language syntactic processing would also be engaged for SLA. Broca's area (Brodmann's area [BA] 44 and BA 45) has been implicated in L1 syntactic processing by both lesion (Grodinsky, Pinango, Zurif, & Drai, 1999;Caramazza & Zurif, 1976) and imaging data (Muller and Basho, 2004;Musso et al, 2003;Sakai, Homae, & Hashimoto, 2003;Hashimoto & Sakai, 2002;Sakai, Noguchi, Takeuchi, & Watanabe, 2002;Grezes & Decety, 2001;Caplan, Alpert, Waters, & Oliviera, 2000;Caplan, Alpert, & Waters, 1999;Stromswold, Caplan, Alpert, & Rauch, 1996). Only recently has the role of Broca's area in the language acquisition process become the focus of brain imaging experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Substrates of Visual and Auditory Miniature Second-language Learning

Newman‐Norlund

Frey

Petitto

et al. 2006

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Longitudinal changes in brain activity during second language (L2) acquisition of a miniature finitestate grammar, named Wernickese, were identified with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants learned either a visual sign language form or an auditory-verbal form to equivalent proficiency levels. Brain activity during sentence comprehension while hearing/viewing stimuli was assessed at low, medium, and high levels of proficiency in three separate fMRI sessions. Activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) correlated positively with improving L2 proficiency, whereas activity in the right-hemisphere (RH) homologue was negatively correlated for both auditory and visual forms of the language. Activity in sequence learning areas including the premotor cortex and putamen also correlated with L2 proficiency. Modality-specific differences in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal accompanying L2 acquisition were localized to the planum temporale (PT). Participants learning the auditory form exhibited decreasing reliance on bilateral PT sites across sessions. In the visual form, bilateral PT sites increased in activity between Session 1 and Session 2, then decreased in left PT activity from Session 2 to Session 3. Comparison of L2 laterality (as compared to L1 laterality) in auditory and visual groups failed to demonstrate greater RH lateralization for the visual versus auditory L2. These data establish a common role for Broca's area in language acquisition irrespective of the perceptual form of the language and suggest that L2s are processed similar to first languages even when learned after the ''critical period.'' The right frontal cortex was not preferentially recruited by visual language after accounting for phonetic/ structural complexity and performance.

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“…However, these factors, if any, would have been canceled out in JP-JM, as well as in EP-EM, for the individual groups in the present study. On the other hand, it has been established recently that the left IFG is selectively involved in grammatical processing (Stromswold et al, 1996;Dapretto and Bookheimer, 1999;Kang et al, 1999;Embick et al, 2000;Friederici et al, 2000;Sakai et al, 2002;Suzuki and Sakai, 2003), independent of general cognitive factors such as task difficulty and short-term memory , and of unreal language rule usage (Musso et al, 2003). The present results suggest that the modulation of the left F3t/F3O activation is related to the sensitivity to specific language task demands rather than associated with cognitive development in general (Piattelli-Palmarini, 1980;Karmiloff and KarmiloffSmith, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language-Related Activations in the Left Prefrontal Regions Are Differentially Modulated by Age, Proficiency, and Task Demands

Tatsuno¹,

Sakai²

2005

J. Neurosci.

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It remains to be elucidated how cortical activations are modulated by factors of age, proficiency, and language task demands when mastering first language (L1) and a second language (L2). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested subjects aged 13 (the age 13 group) and 19 (the age 19 group), thereby comparing the cortical activations involved in past-tense verb identification with those involved in verb matching. We found that the activation in the dorsal triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was lower, corresponding to a higher proficiency in English (L2) in the older subjects, suggesting that the proficiency level plays a major role in the activation of this region during L2 acquisition. Moreover, the lower activation in the triangular and orbital parts of the left IFG (F3t/F3O) for the irregular past tense corresponding to a higher proficiency in L2, together with the nonsignificant activation for the regular past tense when its performance almost reached perfection for age 19, suggests that the modulation of the left F3t/F3O activation reflects language task demands for identifying correct past-tense forms. On the other hand, the left F3t/F3O activation in Japanese (L1) for age 13 was significantly greater than that for age 19, despite the matched performances in L1. These results suggest that the left IFG subserves language-specific functions that are critically required when mastering any language.

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Selective Priming of Syntactic Processing by Event-Related Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Broca's Area

Cited by 86 publications

References 27 publications

Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Cognitive modules utilized for narrative comprehension in children: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Anatomical Substrates of Visual and Auditory Miniature Second-language Learning

Language-Related Activations in the Left Prefrontal Regions Are Differentially Modulated by Age, Proficiency, and Task Demands

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