Selective Processing of Threat Cues in Subjects with Panic Attacks

Ehlers, Anke; Margraf, Jürgen; Davies, S. H.; Roth, Walton T.

doi:10.1080/02699938808410924

Cited by 206 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Maqraf, Davies. & Roth, 1988;. and post-tnumatic stress disorder (Foa, 1989) were slower at colournaming lists of threatening material relevant to their respective disorders than at colour-naming lists of non-threatening matenal.…”

Section: Stroo~ Colour-naminr Paradi Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Startle Responses in Patients with Panic Disorder and Social Phobia

Larsen¹,

Norton²,

Walker³

et al. 2002

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Section: Stroo~ Colour-naminr Paradi Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Startle Responses in Patients with Panic Disorder and Social Phobia

Larsen¹,

Norton²,

Walker³

et al. 2002

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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“…Several studies suggest that panic attacks are associated with an increased likelihood of panic disorder and of a wide range of mental disorders [21,22] . Ehlers et al [6] investigated nonclinical individuals with panic attacks and demonstrated a similar Stroop interference effect regarding panic-relevant words, as shown by individuals with panic disorder. Another study investigated individuals with high versus low anxiety sensitivity with a Stroop test [23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-anxiety-sensitive individuals showed significantly greater interference in physical threat words than low-anxiety-sensitive individuals. However, the studies of Ehlers et al [6] and Stewart et al [23] were conducted with adults. Another study was conducted with adolescents, who had been classified as behaviorally inhibited or uninhibited in their 2nd year of life and were therefore supposed to be at risk for the development of anxiety disorders in adulthood [24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delays in processing the color of the words ('Stroop interference effect') occur when the meaning of the word attracts the subjects' attention, despite their efforts to attend to the ink of the word. Consequently, higher interference scores reflect an increased attentional bias, which is defined as the delay in color naming of threatening words compared to neutral words.With respect to attentional bias in individuals with panic disorder, the emotional Stroop task has been used in several studies [6][7][8][9] . The results of these studies indicate that panic patients demonstrate Stroop interference effects for panic-relevant words, especially words referring to various kinds of catastrophic consequences, but also words referring to fear and body sensations [9] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Attention Bias in Children of Patients with Panic Disorder

Schneider

Unnewehr²,

In‐Albon

et al. 2008

Psychopathology

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Cognitive models of panic disorder have emphasized the role of cognitive distortions in the maintenance of this disorder. Several studies have produced results consistent with this hypothesis, but it is still unclear whether cognitive biases precede anxiety disorders or whether they are a consequence of the disorder. In the present study, we compared children of individuals with panic disorder, children of individuals with animal phobia, and children of normal controls with respect to attentional bias with an emotional Stroop task, which included three types of words: panic-relevant, animal phobia-relevant, and neutral words. Our results revealed that children of panic patients did not show an attentional bias for panic-relevant stimuli. Results will be discussed in the context of theoretical models explaining the etiological factor of cognitive biases for the development of anxiety disorders.

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“…Idiosyncratic biases favouring processing of threat-related information have been demonstrated across the anxiety disorders, and numerous studies have shown the preferential encoding of information that is consistent with the threat-related concerns of the person. [22][23][24][25] Studies of OCD participants with contamination washing symptoms have shown the hypothesized attentional vigilance to contamination-relevant threat cues, compared with other stimulus forms. 26 A preliminary analogue study by Armstrong et al 27 supports this hypothesis with disgust in OCD, where participants identified as high in contamination-based fears show excessive visual fixation on emotional expressions of disgust, compared with other emotional expressions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disgust Recognition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Diagnostic Comparisons and Posttreatment Effects

et al. 2012

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Objective: To examine whether disgust recognition deficits are present and specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and the extent to which this deficit, if present, can be reduced in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Method:Responses to the Pictures of Facial Affect (POFA) were examined in patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosed OCD (n = 20), panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA; n = 15), and generalized social phobia (GSP; n = 15) and a second, independent OCD sample of treatment responders to CBT (n = 11).Results: There were significant and statistically large disgust recognition differences between the OCD group and comparison PDA and GSP groups. However, patients with OCD treated with CBT showed disgust recognition scores that were equivalent to the PDA and GSP groups, significantly better than the untreated OCD sample, and equivalent to scores from the original POFA nonaffected standardization sample. Conclusions:These results provide support for the presence of disgust recognition impairment in OCD, and provide preliminary evidence that disgust recognition impairments may improve with treatment. W W WObjectif : Examiner si les déficits de reconnaissance du dégoût sont présents dans le trouble obsessionnel-compulsif (TOC) et s'ils y sont spécifiques, et la mesure dans laquelle ces déficits, s'ils sont présents, peuvent être réduits par la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale (TCC).Méthode : Les réponses aux images de l'affect facial (POFA) ont été examinées chez des patients ayant reçu un diagnostic de TOC (n = 20), selon les critères du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux, 4e édition, de trouble panique avec agoraphobie (TPA; n = 15), et de phobie sociale généralisée (PSG; n = 15) et chez un deuxième échantillon de TOC indépendant répondant à la TCC (n = 11).Résultats : Il y avait des différences significatives et statistiquement grandes de reconnaissance du dégoût entre le groupe de TOC et les groupes TPA et PSG de comparaison. Toutefois, les patients souffrant de TOC traités par la TCC présentaient des scores de reconnaissance du dégoût qui équivalaient à ceux des groupes TPA et PSG, significativement meilleurs que ceux de l'échantillon de TOC non traité, et équivalents aux scores de l'échantillon original de standardisation de POFA non affecté.Conclusions : Ces résultats soutiennent la présence d'un déficit de reconnaissance du dégoût dans le TOC, et offrent des données probantes préliminaires que les déficits de reconnaissance du dégoût peuvent s'améliorer avec un traitement.

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Selective Processing of Threat Cues in Subjects with Panic Attacks

Cited by 206 publications

References 30 publications

Analysis of Startle Responses in Patients with Panic Disorder and Social Phobia

Analysis of Startle Responses in Patients with Panic Disorder and Social Phobia

Attention Bias in Children of Patients with Panic Disorder

Disgust Recognition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Diagnostic Comparisons and Posttreatment Effects

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