Selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines by Baker's Yeast in basic solution

Microwave‐Induced Enzyme‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Organic Azides

“…At the same time, azides were selectively reduced in the presence of a CC bond (Entries 8 and 9), an aromatic MeO group, esters, and acetonides. In case of the NO 2 -substituted aromatic azides, the corresponding nitro-aniline was selectively obtained without any further reduction of the NO 2 group (Entry 4), and this is in contrast to an earlier finding [20] where the enzymatically reduced NO 2 groups to the corresponding amine derivatives in alkaline solution. Also, halogeno-substituted aromatic azides showed remarkable selectivity to give the amine without any dehalogenation (Entry 2).…”

Palladium‐catalyzed reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding anilines

“…It should be noted that long reaction times were reported in the literature for the reduction of nitro aromatic compounds 39. For example Baik et al investigated the reduction of nitrobenzene (entry 1, Table 2), 1‐n1tronaphthalene (entry 2, Table 2) and 4‐nitrophenol (entry 4, Table 2) using Baker's yeast in a basic solution at 80 °C.…”

“…For example Baik et al investigated the reduction of nitrobenzene (entry 1, Table 2), 1‐n1tronaphthalene (entry 2, Table 2) and 4‐nitrophenol (entry 4, Table 2) using Baker's yeast in a basic solution at 80 °C. The corresponding aromatic amines were obtained only after 20, 7 and 24 h in 55, 95 and 18% yield, respectively 39a. Yoo et al performed the reduction of nitroarenes with FeCl 3 6H 2 Oindium powder 39b.…”

“…The corresponding aromatic amines were obtained only after 20, 7 and 24 h in 55, 95 and 18% yield, respectively 39a. Yoo et al performed the reduction of nitroarenes with FeCl 3 6H 2 Oindium powder 39b. Firstly, FeCl 3 6H 2 O, indium powder and H 2 OMeOH were mixed and stirred at room temperature under sonication for 30 min.…”

Assessment of 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride reductase activity in homogenates of bakers’ yeast by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

“…In recent years, increasing concern of ecological and health threats posed by nitroaromatics has attracted much attention and encouraged the development of sensitive methods for their detection followed by microorganismmediated biodegradation/bioremediation [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Recent investigations have demonstrated the usefulness of bakers' yeast for the reduction of nitroarene compounds to their corresponding amines in chemoselective bioorganic synthesis [26][27][28][29]. It is well known that in non-enzymatic chemical nitroreduction processes, arylhydroxylamines are unstable and easily convert to amine [30].…”