Selective reinnervation of somatotopically appropriate muscles after facial nerve transection and regeneration in the neonatal rat

Aldskogius, Håkan; Thomander, Lars

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90965-0

Cited by 115 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the neonate, too, the number of neurons labeled following reinnervation was the same as on the control side and the sizes of the motor units were also the same as those reported by Dennis and Harris (1980) in normal rats. Accuracy of reinnervation following nerve section has recently been reported for the facial nerve of the neonatal rat by Aldskogius and Thomander (1986). In their experiments, the individual muscles supplied by the nerve became reconnected with the right part of the facial nerve nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Accuracy of reinnervation of rat internal intercostal muscles by their own segmental nerves

Hardman¹,

Brown²

1987

J. Neurosci.

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The positions of internal intercostal motoneurons within their motor pool were studied, following reinnervation of the intercostal muscles by their original nerves. Six to 9 weeks after proximal nerve section in 10-d-old and adult rats, 0.1 microliter injections of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP were made in the distal part of the reinnervated internal intercostal muscle. The corresponding region of the contralateral control muscle was also injected. The positions of the retrogradely labeled motoneurons were mapped in 100 microns transverse sections of thoracic spinal cord that had been stained for HRP according to the method of Mesulam (1982). In normal rats, motoneurons innervating distal muscle fibers are found largely in the more dorsal part of the internal intercostal motoneuron pool (Hardman and Brown, 1985). In adult rats, regenerated motor axons did not show any selectivity; distal muscle fibers were innervated by motoneurons whose cell bodies were distributed throughout the internal intercostal pool. However, in rats operated on at 10 d of age, distal intercostal muscle fibers were reinnervated by motoneurons that were distributed mainly in the dorsal part of the motor pool. These results support the view that positional signals may be of importance in organizing the distribution of axon terminals within muscles during development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Accuracy of reinnervation of rat internal intercostal muscles by their own segmental nerves

Hardman¹,

Brown²

1987

J. Neurosci.

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“…Evidence suggests that the ability of neonatal rats to reestablish somatotopy of the facial motor nucleus after nerve lesion and repair is likely due to the influence of target-derived trophic factors in the neonate. 1,5 Targetderived factors also regulate collateral axon sprouting, 41,77 and diffusible inhibitory factors may be produced by nontarget regions to repel developing axons away from incorrect paths. 32,71 Additionally, extracellular molecules such as laminin and soluble isoforms of cell surface adhesion molecules such as neural cell adhesion molecule and N-cadherin can act as chemoattractants for axon growth cones and may be produced by targets to create a trophic gradient in the extracellular matrix.…”

Section: Misguided Axonal Regeneration and The Need For Axonal Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical correlation of the House-Brackmann grading system in the microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma

Sun

Oh²,

Safaee³

et al. 2012

FOC

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Avoidance of facial nerve injury is one of the major goals of vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery because functional deficits of the facial nerve can lead to physical, cosmetic, and psychological consequences for patients. Clinically, facial nerve function is assessed using the House-Brackmann grading scale, which also allows physicians to track the progress of a patient's facial nerve recovery. Because the facial nerve is a peripheral nerve, it has the ability to regenerate, and the extent of its functional recovery depends largely on the location and nature of its injury. In this report, the authors first describe the facial nerve anatomy, the House-Brackmann grading system, and factors known to be predictors of postoperative facial nerve outcome. The mechanisms and pathophysiology of facial nerve injury during VS surgery are then discussed, as well as factors affecting facial nerve regeneration after surgery.

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“…[11][12][13] The misdirected or "aberrant" reinnervation has been recognized as the major reason for the post-paralytic syndrome. At the site of injury it has two components: (i) perhaps due to an insufficient and/or malfunctioning axonal guidance, a muscle receives reinnervation by "alien" axons, which have been misrouted along the "wrong" nerve fascicle; 14 (ii) due to the presence of competing supernumerary branches from all transected axons 15 one muscle fiber can be reinnervated by several motoneuronal axons (polyinnervation). 16,17 Attempts to counteract with aberrant reinnervation, however had little success.…”

Section: Skouras E Angelov Dnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies on post-transectional facial nerve regrowth and functional recovery of paralyzed muscles of the face in rats and mice

Skouras¹,

Angelov²

2010

Anatomy

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The facial nerve is the most frequently damaged nerve in head and neck traumata. Apart from traffic-accident injuries (temporal bone fractures, or lacerations of the face), most facial nerve lesions are post-operative AbstractInsufficient recovery after peripheral nerve injury has been attributed to (i) lack of axonal navigation and poor pathfinding of regrowing axons to improper targets, (ii) excessive collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and (iii) polyneuronal reinnervation of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The facial nerve transection model in rat and mice has been used to measure the restoration of function after varying therapies and to examine the mechanisms underlying their effects. Since it is still very difficult to combat the first reason and control/correct the navigation of several thousand axons, several groups of scientists concentrated our efforts on the postlesional branching (extremely strong in adult rats) and NMJ-polyinnervation. Since polyneuronal innervation of muscle fibers is activity-dependent attempts to reduce it were performed applying electrical stimulation. Unfortunately, the highly recommended intraoperative electrical stimulation of the proximal nerve fragment (square 0.1 ms pulses at 20 Hz using suprathreshold amplitudes) prior to suture and the postoperative electrical stimulation (square 0.1 ms pulses at 5 Hz) not only did not improve functional outcome, but reduced the number of innervated NMJ to approximately one fifth of normal values. Finally, recent experiments demonstrated that it was the mechanical (but not electrical) stimulation of denervated facial muscles (vibrissal and orbicularis oculi) which improved motor performance. This beneficial effect of mechanical stimulation was also detected after hypoglossal-facial anastomosis and inter-positional nerve grafting. The beneficial effect of manual stimulation on target muscle reinnervation was not present in mice deficient in the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and also eliminated or even reversed when trigeminal afferent inputs were abolished. All these findings raise hopes that clinically feasible and effective therapies could be soon designed and tested.

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Selective reinnervation of somatotopically appropriate muscles after facial nerve transection and regeneration in the neonatal rat

Cited by 115 publications

References 20 publications

Accuracy of reinnervation of rat internal intercostal muscles by their own segmental nerves

Accuracy of reinnervation of rat internal intercostal muscles by their own segmental nerves

Neuroanatomical correlation of the House-Brackmann grading system in the microsurgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma

Experimental studies on post-transectional facial nerve regrowth and functional recovery of paralyzed muscles of the face in rats and mice

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