Selective Sensing of Darolutamide and Thalidomide in Pharmaceutical Preparations and in Spiked Biofluids

Abstract

Selective spectrofluorometric sensing is introduced for the analysis of non-steroidal anti-androgens, darolutamide, and thalidomide in pharmaceutical preparations and biofluids. An organic fluorophore, 2,4,8,10-tetramethylpyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 2 was synthesized in our laboratories by new simple methods to act as a fluorescent reagent for the analysis of the studied drugs. Elemental and spectral analyses were performed to approve the fluorophore structure. The fluorophore possesses a fluorescence at λem 422 nm when excited at 328 nm. The interaction between the studied drugs and the fluorophore was found to be quenching. The quenching mechanisms were studied and interpreted through the Stern–Volmer relationship. Moreover, the Stern–Volmer constants were calculated for the quenching interactions of both drugs. The introduced method was validated for the estimation of darolutamide and thalidomide in dosage forms, plasma, and urine, offering good percentage recoveries.

Utility of green chemistry for sustainable fluorescence derivatization approach for spectrofluorimetric quantification of Darolutamide as antineoplastic drug in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma

“…Fluorescence derivatization is an indirect technique for detecting nonfluorescent and weakly fluorescent compounds using fluorescence spectroscopy. Those fluorescent compounds were turned into fluorescent derivatives through a simple reaction with derivatizing agents [11]. In recent years, many derivatizing agents have been utilized in the spectrofluorimetric quantification of numerous medicines [12].…”

“…It is an oral nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist [1] used to delay the process of prostate cancer to metastatic disease and to increase the quality of life for people with advanced prostate cancer [1][2][3]. Few papers have been reported describing DAR analysis in biological fluids including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4] and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [5][6][7][8][9] and only three spectrofluorimetric methods have been described [10][11][12]. When it comes to the accessibility of regulators and portable, reasonably priced, equipment, the colorimetric assay is one of the most straightforward and economical methods of chemical analysis [13].…”

White sustainable luminescent determination of nifuroxazide using nitrogen–sulphur co-doped carbon quantum dots nanosensor in bulk and various pharmaceutical matrices

“…It is possible for the quenching to occur through different mechanisms; such as emission group destruction, molecular rearrangements, energy/electron transfer, and others. 45,46 In order to clarify the potential quenching mechanism, the following Stern-Volmer equation was followed: 28,44,45…”

“…It is possible for the quenching to occur through different mechanisms; such as emission group destruction, molecular rearrangements, energy/electron transfer, and others. 45,46…”

A new fluorescence probe for sofosbuvir analysis in dosage form and spiked human plasma

“…Research into fluorescence quenching is promising because of its wide-ranging applications in fields like pharmaceutical, chemical, and biological analysis. Several publications analyzing various pharmaceuticals and chemical substances using the quenching approach have been published [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”