Selective (sono)photocatalytic cleavage of lignin-inspired β–O–4 linkages to phenolics by ultrasound derived 1-D titania nanomaterials

Revolutionizing lignin photovalorization: recent advances in TiO2-based materials and beyond in pursuit of optimal solutions for a sustainable future

“…Among various ongoing research activities, lignin conversion is achieved via different techniques, i.e., thermal catalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] The traditional lignin depolymerization reaction is carried out by various thermochemical and catalytic techniques like acid/base hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and hydrogenation. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] However, these reactions are accompanied by intense reaction conditions that put a lot of strain on machinery and its operations, require a lot of energy, and bring harm to the environment.…”

“…The formation of a heterostructure or heterojunction holds multiple intrinsic advantages for heterogeneous photocatalysis in terms of increasing light absorption efficiency, exciton separation and transfer ability, and boosting surface redox reactions. In light of this, different TiO 2 -based heterostructures, such as TiO 2 -metal oxides, TiO 2 -metal suldes, TiO 2 -carbonbased materials, etc., 30,31,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] have been developed and investigated for the lignin and lignin model compound conversion. For example, Hou et al 91 prepared TiO 2 nanotubes hydrothermally, and then developed a three-component CuO x /CeO 2 /TiO 2 nanotube catalyst by a wet-chemical deposition precipitation method that was capable of selectively catalyzing the C-C bond cleavage of b-1 models.…”

“…In light of this, different TiO 2 -based heterostructures, such as TiO 2 –metal oxides, TiO 2 –metal sulfides, TiO 2 –carbon-based materials, etc. , 30,31,90–99 have been developed and investigated for the lignin and lignin model compound conversion. For example, Hou et al 91 prepared TiO 2 nanotubes hydrothermally, and then developed a three-component CuO x /CeO 2 /TiO 2 nanotube catalyst by a wet-chemical deposition precipitation method that was capable of selectively catalyzing the C–C bond cleavage of β-1 models.…”