Selective Styrene Oxidation to Benzaldehyde over Recently Developed Heterogeneous Catalysts

Abstract

The selective oxidation of styrene under heterogeneous catalyzed conditions delivers environmentally friendly paths for the production of benzaldehyde, an important intermediate for the synthesis of several products. The present review explores heterogeneous catalysts for styrene oxidation using a variety of metal catalysts over the last decade. The use of several classes of supports is discussed, including metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon materials and silicas, among others. The studied catalytic systems propose as most used oxidants tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide and mild reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism proceeds through the generation of an intermediate reactive metal–oxygen species by catalyst-oxidant interactions. Overall, most of the studies highlight the synergetic effects among the metal and support for the activity and selectivity enhancement.

Copper-complexed dipyridyl-pyridazine functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica as a heterogeneous catalyst for styrene epoxidation

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] Nowadays, the development of efficient heterogenized catalytic systems for the epoxidation of olefins remains a challenge. 4,[15][16][17] Different types of porous materials, such as zeolites, 18 polymers, 19 mesoporous silicas, 14 activated carbons 20 or MOFs, 21 have been employed as supports of transition metal complexes for liquid phase epoxidation of olefins.…”

Oxidation of Styrene to Benzaldehyde Catalyzed by Schiff Base Functionalized Triazolylidene Ni(II) Complexes

“…The reaction in the absence of a catalyst yielded 22% conversion of the substrate with 97% selectivity to benzaldehyde, 10 ( Table 1 ; entry 1), while no conversion was recorded in the absence of the oxidant even though a catalyst was added ( Table 1 ; entry 2). This is not surprising as many reports on oxidation reactions have established the absolute need for the oxidant [ 14 , 17 , 18 , 39 ]. A combination of both oxidant and catalyst gave 77% conversion in 3 h ( Table 1 ; entry 3).…”

Lanthanum-1,2,3-Triazole-Based 2D Coordination Polymer is an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxidation of Olefins

“…We propose a plausible pathway for the reaction based on the products of the styrene oxidation (Scheme S1). , In support of the proposed pathway, we separately subjected styrene oxide to the optimized conditions, affording styrene diol and benzaldehyde. Similarly, styrene diol produced benzaldehyde under the same conditions and benzaldehyde produced benzoic acid.…”