Selective synthesis of 1,3-butadiene by vapor-phase dehydration of 1,4-butanediol over cerium oxide catalyst

Hydrolysis of amide bonds in dipeptides and nylon 6 over a ZrO2 catalyst

“…The calcination temperature is well-known to affect the structure, surface properties, and also catalytic activity of various metal oxides, 13,20,21,36,41 which motivated us to investigate such effect on the activity of m-ZrO 2 catalyst on the Gly-Gly hydrolysis. The XRD patterns of the m-ZrO 2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures (i.e., 673, 773, and 873 K) (Fig.…”

“…13 As a variant of amide-bond cleavage by solvents, the alcoholysis of various amides to produce esters was achieved by CeO 2 , [14][15][16][17] whose amphoteric surface nature is responsible for a variety of reactions. [18][19][20][21][22] Yet, these reaction systems using metal oxides as catalysts continuously released useful co-product (i.e., NH 3 or amines) to outside of the reactor or trapped such co-product with an acidic zeolite since such basic compounds deactivate Lewis acidic metal centers that function as catalytically active sites. Meanwhile, De Vos et al…”