Selective transesterification of triolein with methanol to methyl oleate and glycerol using alumina loaded with alkali metal salt as a solid-base catalyst

Ebiura, Takahiro; Echizen, Tsuneo; Ishikawa, Akio; Murai, Kazuhito; Baba, Toshihide

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2004.12.041

Cited by 200 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They also found that the catalyst performance is depending upon concentration of basic sites on the surface of the catalyst.Supporting of the alkali metal compound on a large surface area is an interesting option for decreasing the amount of catalyst required to still obtain a similar level of catalytic activity. Accordingly, the transesterification of triolein using alkali loaded on alumina achieved a high conversion yield, making it of interest to apply in biodiesel production (Ebiura et al, 2005). Samart et al (2010) showed that mesoporous silica as a Ca loading support improved the transesterification efficiency of this alkali-supported catalyst.…”

Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

158

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers' attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.

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Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

158

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“…[148][149][150] o uso da zeolita ETS-10 102 como catalisador heterogêneo tem permitido 90% de transformação do óleo de soja quando a reação é realizada a 100 o C, enquanto o uso de potássio suportado em alumina, transesterifica esse mesmo óleo em 87%, após 7 h de refluxo e usando uma razão molar metanol: óleo de 15:1. 85 Acreditamos haver aqui mais uma necessidade e, portanto, oportunidade de pesquisa, já que muitos desses catalisadores que perdem atividade ou massa devido à solubilidade (lixiviação) no meio reacional e que por isso precisam ser recuperados por "reativação" 45,109 podem estar atuando através de mecanismos reacionais homogêneos ao invés de heterogêneos, ou através dos dois mecanismos simultaneamente.…”

Section: Catálise Heterogênea áCida E Alcalinaunclassified

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Dabdoub¹,

Bronzel²,

Rampin³

2009

Quím. Nova

104

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Recebido em 27/2/09; aceito em 31/3/09; publicado na web em 7/4/09 BioDiESEL: A CRiTiCAL oVERViEW oN THE CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTiVES AT THE ACADEmY AND iNDUSTRY. This article presents a bibliographic review of research carried out on different alternative processes for biodiesel production. The supercritical and subcritical (non catalytic) reaction conditions, the use of solid basic, solid acid and other heterogeneous catalysts, including the use of immobilized enzymes and whole-cell catalysts are also critically compared with the traditional homogeneous alkaline or acid catalysts that are common on industrial applications. Advantages and limitations of all these processes for the transference from the laboratory to the industry are discussed. A correlation of the chemical composition with the quality parameters of the produced biodiesel is done with aim to stablish adequate procedures for the right selection of the rawmaterial. Castor bean oil is used as an example of inappropriate oil in order to produce a B100 that fulfill all the international physicochemical quality standards. in this article are presented research results to adequate the values of viscosity, density and iodine number of the castor and soybean biodiesel to the international standard limits by means blending these both biodiesels at the right ratio.Keywords: transesterification; biodiesel; catalysts. introduÇãoAumento da demanda mundial por combustíveis líquidos, aquecimento global, segurança energética, vontade política por desenvolvimento nos campos agrícola, social e também energético são pontos que abrem novas áreas de interesse e oportunidades para pesquisas e desenvolvimento na Academia e na indústria, pois são as forças motoras responsáveis pelo renovado interesse na produção de biocombustíveis.Um dos grandes destaques da atualidade na área de biocombustí-veis é o interesse pelo uso de recursos naturais baseados em materiais lignocelulósicos 1-3 para a produção de etanol ou por fontes produtoras de lipídeos usados para a produção de biodiesel.Biodiesel é o nome dado a ésteres alquílicos de ácidos graxos desde que atendam certos parâmetros de qualidade. 4-8 Além de esses ésteres serem derivados de fontes biológicas como plantas e animais, atuam como combustível substituto ao diesel de petróleo, com desempenho muito próximo, não exigindo modificações nos motores. Tradicionalmente o biodiesel é produzido através das reações de transesterificação de triglicerídeos, usando geralmente catalisadores alcalinos, 9 ou da esterificação de ácidos graxos livres, sendo que neste último caso, os ácidos graxos livres (AGLs) são submetidos à reação direta com um álcool de 4 carbonos ou menos, na presença de catalisadores ácidos. 10-12 mais recentemente o uso de diversos catalisadores heterogêneos tem sido descrito na literatura. 13 Transesterificação é o processo de transformação de um éster carboxílico em outro, através da troca do grupo Ro -presente no éster original, por outro grupo semelhante proveniente de um álcool na presença de um catalisa...

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“…Biochar is a carbonaceous organic matter generated by heating under oxygen-limited conditions, comparable to charcoal (Sun et al 2010). Ammonium retention by biochar may be readily explained by electrostatic adsorption onto the negatively charged oxygen-containing surface functional groups (Ebiura et al 2005). Freshly produced biochars typically have very low ability to adsorb ammonium (Zhang et al 2011).…”

Section: Ammonium (Nh4 +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium Sorption onto Polymeric Adsorbing Material from Corn Stalks Oxidized and Loaded with Magnesium

Liu¹,

Mei²,

Lai³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Corn stalks were modified by magnesium loading and an oxidation process and then characterized by a series of methods. The ammonium in wastewater showed high sorption efficiency onto the polymeric adsorbing material during the process, with a biochars dosage of 20 g/L for 8h. Mg 2+ was the dominant cation exchanger on the modified corn stalk, and it played an important role in ammonium sorption. Large amounts of NH4 + were exchanged onto the corn stalk, and they formed strong complexes with oxygen-containing groups on the corn stalk surface through polar bonds, resulting in the removal of NH4 + from the solution. Na + present in wastewater was the major influence on ammonium sorption onto the corn stalk.

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Selective transesterification of triolein with methanol to methyl oleate and glycerol using alumina loaded with alkali metal salt as a solid-base catalyst

Cited by 200 publications

References 17 publications

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Ammonium Sorption onto Polymeric Adsorbing Material from Corn Stalks Oxidized and Loaded with Magnesium

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