Selective transfers of trans-ethylenic acids by acyl coenzyme A. Phospholipid acyltransferases

Okuyama, Harumi; Lands, William E.M.; Gunstone, Frank D.; Barve, J. A.

doi:10.1021/bi00773a028

Cited by 78 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, the percentage of total 18:2 acids in the perfu sate phospholipid was significantly higher on perfusing »-acid than on perfusing cc-acid (23.8 ± 3.0 vs. 12.0 ± 2.6% for it-and ccisomers, p < 0.05), while it was apparently the same in postperfused liver. Thus, the differ ential effects of »«m-fatty acid compared to the m-counterpart on the synthesis of triglyc eride and phospholipid in the liver probably due to the difference in the specificity of acy lation enzyme toward geometrical isomers [23,24], Although definite knowledge on the mech anism responsible for the altered hepatic me tabolism of /ram-fatty acid compared to cisacid awaits further studies, it has been re ported that there is an inverse relationship between the level of cellular malonyl-CoA and fatty acid oxidation under various nutritional and physiological conditiones [25,26], This suggests that the increase in ketogenesis by the /ram-fatty acids might be inversely related to the level of cellular malonyl-CoA. However, Ide's group reported that the fatty acid speci ficity of the esterification enzymes such as Acyl-CoA:phospholipid acyltransferase [23,24] and ACAT (table 4) [13], but not the oxi dation enzyme [2,9], primarily determines the metabolic fate of /ram-fatty acid in the liv er.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Geometrical Isomers of Octadecadienoic Acids on Ketogenesis and Lipid Secretion in the Livers from Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

Fukuda¹,

Etoh²,

Wada³

et al. 1995

Ann Nutr Metab

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The effect of ciscis (cc)- and trans, trans (tt)-9,12-octadecadienoic (18:2) acids on ketogenesis and lipid secretion was compared in isolated perfused livers from cholesterol-fed rats. The hepatic uptake of 18:2 acids was comparable in both isomers. The livers perfused with cc-18:2 acid in comparison with those perfused without fatty acid substrate produced approximately 4-fold more ketone bodies accompanying the rise of the β-hydroxybutyrate:acetoacetate ratio, while the tt-acid isomer further increased these parameters. The hepatic secretion rates of triglyceride and phospholipid as well as cholesterol were all elevated on perfusing the cc-18:2 acid as compared to without fatty acid. In contrast, the rates observed with the tt-18:2 acid isomer except for phospholipid were intermediate, indicating a reciprocal response in ketogenesis and lipid secretion by the trans isomer. The rate of incorporation of trans-fatty acid into perfusate triglyceride and cholesterol ester were lower than cis-acid, but vice versa into perfusate phospholipids. On the other hand, the effects of trans-fatty acid on the concentration and composition of hepatic lipids were less clear. These results emphasize the differential effect of geometrical isomers of the 18:2 acids on oxidation and esterification even in the livers containing a high level of cholesterol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Geometrical Isomers of Octadecadienoic Acids on Ketogenesis and Lipid Secretion in the Livers from Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

Fukuda¹,

Etoh²,

Wada³

et al. 1995

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…The positional isomer compositions differ -the position of major trans double bonds in the industrial trans -fats are at positions 6-14 numbered from the carboxyl terminal, whereas that of ruminant transfats is mainly at position 11 -although the physicochemical properties of these positional isomers of trans -fatty acids may not differ much as shown earlier ( fig. 27 ) [54] .…”

Section: Differential Association Of Industrial and Ruminant Trans-famentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicines and Vegetable Oils as Hidden Causes of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

Okuyama

Langsjoen²,

Ohara

et al. 2016

Pharmacology

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Background: Positive associations have been observed between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but their causal relationship has not been clarified. Nevertheless, guidelines from relevant medical societies recommend using cholesterol lowering medication (statin) for both types of patients. Medicines with several different action mechanisms have been developed, and the effectiveness of different lifestyle modifications has been studied extensively for the prevention of DM, which was successful in improving clinical marker status in relatively short-term treatments, but none have been shown to be effective in improving long-term outcomes (mortality from CVD and all causes). Summary: Statin-induced suppression of prenyl intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway has been linked to stimulated atherosclerosis and heart failure. On the other hand, certain types of vegetable oil and hydrogenated oil shortened the survival of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats by decreasing platelet number, increasing hemorrhagic tendency and damaging kidney functions, which could not be accounted for by their fatty acid and phytosterol compositions. These vegetable oils and medicines such as statin and warfarin share, in part, a common mechanism to inhibit vitamin K₂-dependent processes, which was interpreted to lead to increased onset of CVD, DM, chronic kidney disease, bone fracture and even mental disorder. Impaired vitamin K₂-dependent processes by some types of vegetable oils and medicines, but not plasma high low density lipoprotein cholesterol, were proposed as the cause of CVD, DM and other lifestyle-related diseases. High n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested foods, but not animal fats, was emphasized to be another risk factor for many of the diseases described above. Key Messages: To date, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to prove the above interpretation. However, the opposite types of RCT trials have been performed by increasing the intake of high-linoleic vegetable oils and reducing that of animal fats, which resulted in increased CVD and all-cause mortality. The amounts of these vegetable oils to exhibit adverse effects in animal studies are not huge (<6 energy %), which should not be overlooked nor disregarded.

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“…All isomers except the 10t-and 12t-18:1 were incorporated into position 1 preferentially, competing for this position with saturated fatty acids. The natural 9c-and 11c-18:1 isomers were found to be poor substrates for acylation in position 1 but were rapidly esterified to position 2 (Reitz, et al, 1969;Marchand & BeareRogers, 1978;Okuyama et al, 1972).…”

Section: Incorporation Into Lipid Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of trans fatty acid isomers

Sébédio

Christie

2012

Trans Fatty Acids in Human Nutrition

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Selective transfers of trans-ethylenic acids by acyl coenzyme A. Phospholipid acyltransferases

Cited by 78 publications

References 35 publications

Differential Effects of Geometrical Isomers of Octadecadienoic Acids on Ketogenesis and Lipid Secretion in the Livers from Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

Differential Effects of Geometrical Isomers of Octadecadienoic Acids on Ketogenesis and Lipid Secretion in the Livers from Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet

Medicines and Vegetable Oils as Hidden Causes of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

Metabolism of trans fatty acid isomers

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