Selective upregulation of cardiac brain natriuretic peptide at the transcriptional and translational levels by pro-inflammatory cytokines and by conditioned medium derived from mixed lymphocyte reactions via p38 MAP kinase

Measurement of Urinary Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Childhood Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: An Indicator of Clinical Severity?

“…Whilst we think that events occuring in the first days of life happen to be much more complex representing "early transition" and should be discussed separately, we believe this data pointing to increased NT-ProBNP levels in infants with TTN with normal cardiac functions is of value. Moreover, few studies provided evidence that the secretion of natriuretic peptides is induced by cytokines and inflammatory mediators (24,25). This information might be regarded as an additional factor resulting in increased plasma peptide levels in LRTI.…”

Natriuretic peptides for early prediction of acute kidney injury in community-acquired pneumonia

“…A small study enrolling septic patients found NP levels to positively correlate with CRP values while finding no correlation between systolic dysfunction measured by echocardiography and NP levels [28]. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα have been shown to induce NP secretion from cultured myocytes in vitro [7,29]. Concordantly, bacterial endotoxin was found to directly increase the expression of BNP mRNA in rat myocytes [30].…”

Serum Concentrations of BNP and ANP in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis

“…Serum concentrations of BNP are elevated in patients with chronic heart failure in association with the degree of severity [14], and serum BNP level is a useful marker of cardiac function [14,15]. Furthermore, BNP production, is modified by many factors including angiotensin II, endothelin I, [16], hypoxia [17] and cytokines [18]. In addition, thyroid hormone stimulates both the synthesis and release of BNP [19][20][21][22].…”