Selective Vocal Effects Of Delayed Auditory Feedback

Fairbanks, Grant

doi:10.1044/jshd.2004.333

Cited by 212 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…As mentioned previously, several investigators (Black, 1951;Fairbanks, 1955;Lee, 1950;Ringel & Steer, 1963) have reported that mean syllabic duration and total phonation time increase under conditions involving masked or delayed auditory feedback. In all of these experiments, subjects were required to read prose passages or other forms of syntactically structured material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expected the mean durations of the repetitions of the individual sentences to be shorter than those of the corresponding word lists and the relative, as well as the absolute, temporal precision ofthe sentences to be greater than that of the word lists-especially for longer stimulus lengths. Several studies (Fairbanks, 1954(Fairbanks, , 1955Yates, 1963) have reported that delaying or masking auditory feedback significantly alters speech production, causing increases in fundamental frequency, increases in intensity, and increases in overall duration. In our masking condition, we expected the mean duration and accuracy of repetition of sentences to be less affected than that of lists.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Speech production: Evidence for syntactically and phonologically determined units

Lackner

Levine

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech production: Evidence for syntactically and phonologically determined units

Lackner

Levine

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The speech rate was estimated from a measure of syllable duration known as the correct syllable interval (CSI). The CSI is defined as Tn/S, where Tn is the time to correctly produce some proportion n of the S syllables in the sentence (after Fairbanks, 1955).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To speak with an accent: Effects of nasal distortion on stuttering under delayed auditory feedback

MacKay

1969

Perception & Psychophysics

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Table 1 (a) The C5I (in seconds per syllable) for the Three Experimental Conditions: Nasal Voice, Normal Voice (reduced and maximal rate), where N Represents the Number of Ss, (b) The Probability of Stuttering (per syllable) for the Nasal and Nonnal Voice Conditions.EXPERIMENT I : THE EFFECT OF ASSUMING AN UNUSUAL ACCENT The first experiment was an attempt to demonstrate a parallel between normal and pathological stuttering. Bryngelson (1958) reported that when pathological stutterers put on or assume an unusual accent such as a Louisiana drawl, their stuttering is reduced. We were interested in whether normal Ss also stutter less under DAF when they speak with an accent.Experimental delays in auditory feedback are known to cause stuttering in normal individuals (Lee, 1951). The present study of DAF investigated the following questions about stuttering under delayed auditory feedback (DAF): Do we stutter less under DAF when we speak with an unusual accent? Is the effect of speaking with an accent due simply to the change in the acoustic characteristics of the returning feedback? What is the relation between the intelligibility of the returning feedback and the extent of DAF interference? Can the effect of DAF on foreign speakers be attributed to their accents? Does DAF stuttering reflect an attempt to correct a distortion in feedback resulting from delaying the acoustic signal as postulated in servosystem theories? What is the relationship between DAF and pathological stuttering? The main question in this study was whether ProcedureFor one condition the procedure was as follows: S was presented with IO IS-syllable sentences on index cards and instructed to read each sentence as fast as he could in his normal voice regardless of what happened to his speech under DAF.The other condition was identical except that the Ss were instructed to read 10 sentences with a nasal accent. The E showed the S how to nasalize speech (the result of contracting the velar muscles, Heffner, 1964). Each S was given several sentences without DAF so that he could practice his nasal accent. ResultsRate of speech. The time to produce each sentence was determined with a standard-stop watch. The speech rate was estimated from a measure of syllable duration known as the correct syllable interval (CSI). The CSI is defined as Tn/S, where Tn is the time to correctly produce some proportion n of the S syllables in the sentence (after Fairbanks, 1955).The rates of speech for the three experimental conditions are compared in Table Ia. As might be expected, the mean CSI was smaller when the Ss were speaking at their maximum as compared to their normal rates. When speaking with a nasal accent the Ss spoke at about their normal rates (see Table I), allowing valid comparison of DAF stuttering in the nasal and normal rate conditions. ControlsFeedback intensity. Since Ss in a pilot study tended to speak more softly than normally through their noses, the level of the nasal feedback was amplified to match that of the non-nasal feedback. Subsequent meas...

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“…For example, the literature describing the effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on speech indicates that, when individuals speak under DAF, speech is disrupted along one or more of the dimensions of time, rate, fluency, and articulation (Fairbanks, 1955;Fairbanks and Guttman, 1958;Lee, 1950;Webster and Dorman, 1971). Often, the finding of speech disruption is interpreted as confirmation of the need for auditory feedback to monitor and control speech production and as validation of the servosystem theory in general.…”

Section: Servosystem Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of instruments that can produce DAF, researchers have been able to stimulate stutteringlike speech behaviors and adaptation of those behaviors in normal speakers within the context of investigating the role that auditory feedback plays in speech monitoring and control (e.g., Atkinson, 19.53;Black, 1951;Burke, 1975;Fairbanks, 1955;Kramer, 1972;Lee, 1951;Tiffany and Hanley, 1956).. Adaptation to DAF is the decrease, over successive oral readings of the same passage under DAF conditions, of the nonfluencies, articulation errors, and other speech errors that result from the disruptive effects of DAF on speech.…”

Section: Auditory and Oral Sensory Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between oral sensory feedback skills and adaptation to delayed auditory feedback

Attanasio¹

1987

Journal of Communication Disorders

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Selective Vocal Effects Of Delayed Auditory Feedback

Cited by 212 publications

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Speech production: Evidence for syntactically and phonologically determined units

Speech production: Evidence for syntactically and phonologically determined units

To speak with an accent: Effects of nasal distortion on stuttering under delayed auditory feedback

Relationships between oral sensory feedback skills and adaptation to delayed auditory feedback

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