Selenium Concentrations in Alfalfa from Several Sources Applied to a Low Selenium, Alkaline Soil

Carter, D. L.; Brown, Michael A.; Robbins, C. W.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300050027x

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…INCE THE discovery that small amounts of Se are required for normal animal nutrition and to prevent white muscle disease (WMD) (12), some research effort has been directed towards developing a convenient, economical method of providing livestock with adequate Se (2,5,8). The minimal Se requirement for livestock ranges from 0.03-0.10 ppm in the diet depending upon the vitamin E level and possibly other factors (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Maintaining minimal Se levels in livestock feed is complicated because present regulations do not permit the addition of Se to feed, and concentrations above 3-5 ppm are toxic to livestock (2). Applying commercially available Se sources to soil has resulted in toxic Se concentrations in forage and hay (2,5,7,8), but some laboratory-prepared Se compounds and some selenites applied to the soil provide slowly avail- able Se from which plants absorb adequate but nontoxic concentrations for livestock (3,5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Selenium Concentrations in Phosphorus Fertilizer Materials and Associated Uptake by Plants

Robbins¹,

Carter²

1970

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The Se concentration of seven Florida Land Pebble deposit phosphate rocks ranged from 0.7–7.0 ppm. The range was 1.4–178 ppm Se in seven samples from the western phosphate field. The Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Phosphoria formation contains more Se than rock from other phosphatic formations. Normal and concentrated superphosphates made from phosphatic rocks containing 100 ppm Se can be expected to contain about 60 and 40 ppm Se, respectively. Laboratory‐prepared concentrated superphosphate containing 23 ppm Se applied to an alkaline soil that normally produced alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) low in Se at a rate of 156 ppm P increased Se concentration in alfalfa above the minimal requirements to protect livestock from white muscle disease. Concentrated superphosphate and single superphosphate prepared from phosphate rock containing 178 ppm Se and applied at a rate of 80 ppm P increased the Se concentration in alfalfa compared to the same amount of P applied as Se free concentrated superphosphate. Normal phosphate fertilizer practices can provide required Se for livestock provided the fertilizer is prepared from phosphate rock containing sufficient Se.

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confidence: 99%

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Selenium Concentrations in Phosphorus Fertilizer Materials and Associated Uptake by Plants

Robbins¹,

Carter²

1970

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…It is known that the majority of soils in Hungary are Se deficient. Alfalfa hay originating from Se deficient unfertilized fields contains only about 0.1 mg Se/kg dry matter [ 23 , 24 ]. However, with fertilization, it was possible to increase the Se content up to 3.26 mg/kg dry matter [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly Grown Wool Mineral Content Response to Dietary Supplementation in Sheep

Szigeti

Kátai

Komlósi

et al. 2020

Animals

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Determination of wool mineral content to assess the animal’ mineral status has been extensively used, but the results are controversial. One of the possible contributing factors is that the sampling material in previous studies was collected from a long staple, a fact that could mask the response to recent differences in mineral intake. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the sensitiveness of newly grown wool to different dietary mineral intake. Twenty Tsigai ewes were allocated into five dietary treatments with similar hay and concentrate intake but different premix inclusion rates in the concentrate (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%). Wool was sampled on the left side from a 5 × 5 cm area using bent scissors at the beginning of the trial and from the very same area 28 days later. Samples after cleaning and mineralization were analyzed with ICP-OES (Perkin-Elmer, Optima 3300 DV) for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, selenium, zinc, copper, and sulfur content. Long fleeces had significantly lower Ca and Se content compared to the newly grown wool samples of the group at the premix manufacturer’s suggested level of supplementation (5%). Macrominerals in fresh wool did not respond to increased dietary supplementation. Se and Zn content of wool had a strong relationship with the daily intake (R2 = 0.95 and R2 = 0.97, respectively.) In conclusion, the mineral content of long fleeces can be different compared to recently developed wool fiber. This indicates that, in some cases, analyzing long staples for mineral status can be misleading. Our results showed that wool could be a sensitive indicator of low selenium and high zinc intake. Mineral interactions can significantly affect the actual availability of trace minerals; therefore, a more careful design of premixes is needed. The described method seems to be applicable in livestock farming, but the mineral interactions that may alter the results need to be further explored.

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“…Selenate is less readily sorbed in finer-textured soils or soils with higher organic matter concentrations. Consequently, selenate is usually absorbed from soils by plants more readily than is selenite (Carter et al, 1969). Greater absorption of selenate may also result from differences in root permeability or that selenite is reduced to elemental Se on the root surface.…”

Section: Selenium As a Fertilizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium in Seleniferous Environments

Mayland

James

Panter

et al. 2015

Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment

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Selenium is biologically important because (i) it is essential in animal and possibly plant metabolism, (ii) in many areas diets do not contain sufficient Se to meet, animals' needs, and (iii) in other areas it is toxic to animals when it occurrs in high concentrations in soil, water, plants, fly ash, or in aerosols. Animals require 0.05 to 0.1 mg Se/kg in their diets to prevent Se deficiency but suffer Se toxicosis when dietary levels exceed 5 to 15 mg Se/kg. The earth's crustal materials generally contain <0.1 mg Se/kg. Higher concentrations are found in Cretaceous shales. The Seaccumulator plants growing on the seleniferous soils may contain hundreds or even thousands of mg Se/kg. However, the nonaccumulator grasses and forbs seldom accumulate >50 mg Se/kg and more often contain <5 mg Se/kg. Soils and plants may discharge volatile forms of Se into the atmosphere. However, plants may also absorb measurable amounts of gaseous Se from the atmosphere. Anthropogenic activities impact the amount of Se entering our nation's lakes, rivers, and the atmosphere. Combustion of coal and incineration of municipal waste exhaust Se into the environment. In addition, crop-fallow and irrigation practices that allow leaching waters to pass through seleniferous strata prior to intersecting with surface flow, augment the Se levels encountered by plant and animal life.In 1857, U.S. Army Surgeon T.W. Madison described toxicity symptoms in horses (Equus caballus) grazing near Fort Randall, SD (Rosenfeld & Beath, 1964). Since then, ranchers in that area have continued to experience livestock losses. They associated the toxicosis with the saline seeps and outcrops, com-

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Selenium Concentrations in Alfalfa from Several Sources Applied to a Low Selenium, Alkaline Soil

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Selenium Concentrations in Phosphorus Fertilizer Materials and Associated Uptake by Plants

Selenium Concentrations in Phosphorus Fertilizer Materials and Associated Uptake by Plants

Newly Grown Wool Mineral Content Response to Dietary Supplementation in Sheep

Selenium in Seleniferous Environments

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