Selenium Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Development of Anemia

Abstract

Summary Anemia is an important public health problem worldwide. Although iron (Fe) deficiency is considered the main factor in the pathogenesis of anemia, only 40-60% of anemia cases are responsive to Fe supplementation. Considerable data exist that other micronutrient deficiencies, such as selenium (Se), could be possible causes of anemia. The issue of Se deficiency as a risk factor for the development of anemia is of particular interest to our country since the Balkan region is known by a low Se content of soils. The aim of the study was to examine the contemporary conception of the influence of Se deficiency on the development of anemia by a review of the scientific literature. Most animal studies have shown a significant relation between Se deficiency and anemia, but one study indicates that there is no impact of Se deficiency on the hematological parameters. Associations of low serum Se with anemia have been found in a number of human studies including subjects of various age groups and pathological conditions. Three possible biological mechanisms have been suggested for the involvement of Se deficiency in the development of anemia: increased oxidative stress, modulation of inflammation through induction of interleukin-6, and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1. A more categorical clarification of the relationships between Se deficiency and development of anemia is needed with respect to appropriate trace element supplementation in cases of anemia with insufficient or absent therapeutic response to Fe treatment.

Relationship between Selenium and Hematological Markers in Young Adults with Normal Weight or Overweight/Obesity

“…Due to oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity, there is increased need for antioxidant nutrients such as selenium [16,17]. Selenium is incorporated as part of selenocysteine at the active site of selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase (GPX), selenoprotein P (SEPP1), and thioredoxin reductase).…”

“…Poor selenium status also impairs functional iron status as it contributes to the formation of methemoglobin, which contains ferric iron (Fe 3+ ) and is unable to carry oxygen to tissues [21,22]. Studies also suggest that selenium is linked to anemia through the modulation of inflammation via the IL-6 pathway, the increased expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and oxidative stress [17,23,24,25]. Other researchers cite serum zinc as a potential mediator in this relationship [26].…”

Linkages between soil, crop, livestock, and human selenium status in Sub‐Saharan Africa: a scoping review

“…There are several factors that can contribute to Se deficiency other than reduced intake. Antagonistic effects exist between Se, vitamins (A, K, and C; Watts, 1994 ) and other minerals; copper (Cu; Ranches et al ., 2021 ), heavy metals, zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn; Watts, 1994 ; Thomson, 2004 ; Stress et al ., 2014 ), and iron (Fe; Petkova‐Marinova et al ., 2017 ; Larvie et al ., 2019 ). Although Se might be flowing adequately in the environment its absorption in the human body might be inhibited.…”

Comparative Study for Carrot Juice and Selenium Supplement in Many Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Kirkuk City

“…On a cellular level, dietary may influence various leukocytic effector functions, including adherence, migration, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Several members of the selenoprotein family regulate or are regulated by cellular redox tone, a crucial modulator of immune cell signaling and function 20 . So our study agreed with Shweta, and he follows (2017) they found that a fasting of 7-10 days with the partial nutrient intake of vegetable broth, herbal teas, parsley, garlic, and decoction of juice extracts from carrots, celery; and a controlled daily energy intake followed by 1 year of a vegan diet as compared to omnivorous diet was studied in different trials, Together these studies observed a remarkable decrease in swollen and tender joints, pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein 21 .…”

“…Our study include (44) blood samples belonging to young men with RA, we withdraw (44) blood samples before treatment in a week (0), twenty-four men with RA volunteered to consumption fresh carrot juice rich naturally with antioxidants agents and minerals (Fe and Selenium ) for twenty-one days, while the other (20) volunteered has taken selenium tablets as an artificial supplement, With age (20-45) year, the samples were collected from Kirkuk hospital and clinical from October /2019 to September /2020 the samples were given within a specific measurement and a regular schedule at a rate of 250 ml per sample in Every morning for 21 days. experimental groups were divided into three groups: Group 1 : (44) men Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) before treatment, Group 2: (24) men with RA+ Carrot juice, Group 3: (20) men with RA +Selenium Tablet.…”