Selenium‐enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves growth, antioxidant status and selenoprotein gene expression in Arbor Acres broilers

Abstract

One hundred and fifty 7-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned into five groups: group 1 served as a control that was fed a basal diet without selenium (Se) supplementation; groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.15, 0.5 and 1.5 mg Se as Se-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SSC) per kg of diet; and group 5 was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.15 mg per kg of Se as sodium selenite (SS). Growth performance, glutathione peroxidase (GP ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plasma and liver, and cellular glutathione peroxidase (GP -1) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GP -4) mRNA levels in liver were determined. Compared with group 1, groups 2-4 exhibited higher body weights (p < 0.05), lower feed/gain ratios, and higher GP activities in plasma (p < 0.05) and GP and SOD activities and GP -1 and GP -4 mRNA levels in liver (p < 0.05). Compared with group 5, group 2 exhibited higher GP activity in plasma on day 21 (p < 0.05). Compared with group 2 and 5, group 3 exhibited lower MDA content in plasma on day 7 (p < 0.05), higher GP activity in plasma, SOD activity and GP -1 mRNA levels in liver on day 14 and 21 (p < 0.05), and higher GP -4 mRNA levels on day 14 (p < 0.05). Compared with group 4, group 3 exhibited lower MDA contents in plasma on day 14 (p < 0.05) and in liver on day 21 (p < 0.05), higher T-AOC in plasma and higher GP -1 mRNA levels on day 14 and 21 (p < 0.05), and higher SOD activity in plasma and higher SOD and GP activities in liver on day 21 (p < 0.05). Thus, SSC improves growth and antioxidant status of broilers; the short-term bioavailability of SS was faster than that of SSC, but the long-term bioavailability of SSC was greater than SS.

Effects of selenide chitosan sulfate on glutathione system in hepatocytes and specific pathogen-free chickens

“…Compared with the control and CTS treatments, Se supplementation from different Se treatments (Na 2 SeO 3 , Se-CTS, and Se-CTS-S) indicated higher GSH-Px activity, GSH content, T-AOC, and mRNA levels of GPx-1 and GPx-4 in vitro and in vivo. These results further demonstrated that Se supplementation could improve the antioxidant function in vitro and in vivo ( Wu et al., 2010 , Fan et al., 2012 , Chen et al., 2017 , Yang et al., 2019 ). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of CTS was significantly higher following Se modification and Se-CTS was a more efficient compound ( Qin et al., 2015 ).…”

“…The mRNA levels of GPx-1 and GPx-4 in hepatocytes and livers were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR ( Chen et al., 2017 ). Total RNA was extracted from the hepatocytes and livers with TRIzol reagent (Sangon Biotech [Shanghai] Co., Ltd., China), and then reversely transcribed in 40 μL of reaction mixture according to the manufacturer's instructions (Sangon Biotech [Shanghai] Co., Ltd.), and stored in liquid nitrogen.…”

“…Glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ), an important peroxide-degrading enzyme, can catalyze the conversion of reduced glutathione ( GSH ) to oxidized GSH, reduce toxic peroxides to non-toxic hydroxyl compounds, and thereby protect cell membrane structure and function from peroxide interference and damage ( Wu et al., 2010 , Gan et al., 2014 , Bakhshalinejad et al., 2018 ). Nowadays, GSH system is one of the most important indicators commonly used for evaluating the biological activity of Se compounds and polysaccharide sulfates ( Chen et al., 2017 , Wang et al., 2017 , Bakhshalinejad et al., 2018 ). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Se-CTS-S on GSH system and compare them with those of CTS, sodium selenite ( Na 2 SeO 3 ), selenide chitosan ( Se-CTS ), and chitosan sulfate ( CTS-S ) in vitro and in vivo.…”

Selenide Chitosan Sulfate Improved The Hepatocyte Activity, Growth Performance, and Anti-Oxidation Ability by Activating The Thioredoxin Reductase of Chickens In Vitro and In Vivo

“…and 60°C for 30 s. Only one peak for each PCR product was shown with the melting curve analysis. Relative quantification analysis of mRNA levels was performed using the 2 −ΔΔCt method [18]. All data for each target transcript were normalized to the mRNA level of the β-actin gene.…”

Dietary or in ovo Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation Developed Growth, Caecal Microbiota and Gut Histology of Broiler Chicks

“…But, the results of earlier studies of dietary SC supplementation on weight gain are contradictory. For instance, it was reported that dietary SC supplementation increased broiler weight gain (Mendieta et al, 2017;Çelik et al, 2001); Santin et al, 2001;Jayanese et al, 2017;Koç et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2017a). However, there are also some findings concluded that dietary SC supplementation did not affect broiler weight gain (De Souza et al, 2018, Gunal et al, 2006Karaoglu and Durdag, 2005;Teng el al., 2017).…”