Selenium Nanoneedles Deposited on a Pencil Graphite Electrode for Hydrazine Sensing

Abstract

The low toxicity of Se nanoparticles (NPs) makes it a suitable candidate for biomedical and sensing applications. Herein, we, for the first time, report the modification of a pencil graphite electrode with Se nanostructures (Se/PGE) by a facile chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Hydrazine, a routine chemical in various industries, is toxic even in trace amounts and poses a serious threat due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. Therefore, it is crucial to detect its presence in aqueous media. The Se/PGE exhibited outstanding, reproducible, and selective electrocatalytic activity for hydrazine determination. The Se/PGE displayed a stable amperometric response with a wide linear concentration range of 1 μM−50 mM, a LOQ of 90 nM, a very low LOD of 45 nM, and a sensitivity of 0.813 μA•μM −1 •cm −2 . Moreover, Se/PGE showed a negligible response toward common interferences like NO 3 −1 , CH 3 COO −1 , phenol, and DMF at the selected applied potential. Applying the as-fabricated sensor for hydrazine detection in real-life samples (drinking water) showed satisfactory results with a recovery percentage of 96.9%. Further, our methodology paves the way to fabricate modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) through a convenient CBD method.

Surface-Activated Pencil Graphite Electrode for Dopamine Sensor Applications: A Critical Review

“…Amongst all, the pencil graphite-based electrodes, designated as pencil graphite electrode (PGE), have added advantages over the other systems in terms of easy, ready-to-use, commercial availability and reusable quality [ 7 ]. PGE has been utilized as a reliable electrode for various electrochemical sensing applications, noticeably to organic pollutants [ 8 ], heavy metal detection [ 9 ], pharmaceutical drug analyses [ 10 ], etc. Different grade pencils of variable dimensions, such as 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, etc., were available commercially.…”

Dip-coated carbon nanotube surface deposits as stable, effective response enhancers in pencil lead electrode voltammetry

“…Electrochemically activated PLEs detected, for instance, food antioxidants, drugs and neurotransmitters signicantly better than their untreated precursors. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Examples of the strategy of chemical surface modication are, on the other hand, the sensitive voltammetric detection of adrenaline, riboavin, hydrazine, glucose, dopamine, histamine and acetaminophen at PLEs with active poly(erythrosine), 22 poly(glycine), 23 Se nanoneedle, 24 CoMoO 4 nanoake, 25 MXene, 26 Cu@Pd core-shell nanostructure 27 or poly(thionine)/CuO nanoparticle 28 deposits, respectively. Moreover, many studies have shown that carbon nanotube (CNT) deposits can improve the quality of PLE-based EC sensing.…”

Pencil-drawn graphitic traces on sticky note paper for wearable electronics

“…Its superior biocompatibility allows for various applications in healthcare, proving to be a suitable material for use in degradable medical devices [1,2]. Additionally, its use as a substrate allows for more flexible, lightweight electrodes, opening new windows to the world of portable sensors for biomedical applications [3][4][5][6][7][8] . The compact size makes it ideal for on-the-field measurements, and the flexible nature of the paper allows the electrode to conform to body contours to provide better contact with the skin for more accurate measurements.…”