Selenium- or Vitamin E–Related Gene Variants, Interaction with Supplementation, and Risk of High-Grade Prostate Cancer in SELECT

Chan, June M.; Darke, Amy K.; Penney, Kathryn L.; Tangen, Catherine M.; Goodman, Phyllis J.; Lee, Gwo Shu Mary; Sun, Tong; Peisch, Sam F.; Tinianow, Alex; Rae, James M.; Klein, Eric A.; Thompson, Ian M.; Kantoff, Philip W.; Mucci, Lorelei A.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0104

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…75,76,79,80 Genetic SNP's that resulted in an increase of serum α-T levels were shown to be associated with a decrease in cancer risk. 43,44 All these results support the concept that insufficiency in VE nutrition increases cancer risk.…”

Section: Assessment Of Human Studies and Mechanistic Considerationssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…43 More recently, three additional SNP variations (involving SEC14L2, we SOD1, and TTPA) were found to be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in subjects receiving VE in the SELECT. 44 The SNP variation for both SEC14L2 and SOD1 were associated with significantly lowered prostate cancer risk. The SNP of TTPA, which results in lower levels of α-TTP and presumably lower α-T, was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in the absence of VE supplementation, and VE supplementation seemed to offset this increased risk.…”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The importance of nutritional levels of VE in influencing prostate cancer is also supported by a nested case‐control study in the US, showing that three single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations (involving BUD13, ZNF259, and APOA5), which resulted in higher circulating α‐T levels, were correlated with a lowered risk of prostate cancer 43 . More recently, three additional SNP variations (involving SEC14L2, we SOD1, and TTPA) were found to be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in subjects receiving VE in the SELECT 44 . The SNP variation for both SEC14L2 and SOD1 were associated with significantly lowered prostate cancer risk.…”

Section: Human Studies On Ve and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols

Yang

Luo

Zeng

et al. 2020

Molecular Carcinogenesis

127

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α‐Tocopherol (α‐T) is the major form of vitamin E (VE) in animals and has the highest activity in carrying out the essential antioxidant functions of VE. Because of the involvement of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis, the cancer prevention activity of α‐T has been studied extensively. Lower VE intake or nutritional status has been shown to be associated with increased cancer risk, and supplementation of α‐T to populations with VE insufficiency has shown beneficial effects in lowering the cancer risk in some intervention studies. However, several large intervention studies with α‐T conducted in North America have not demonstrated a cancer prevention effect. More recent studies have centered on the γ‐ and δ‐forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3). In comparison with α‐T, these forms have much lower systemic bioavailability but have shown stronger cancer‐preventive activities in many studies in animal models and cell lines. γ‐T3 and δ‐T3 generally have even higher activities than γ‐T and δ‐T. In this article, we review recent results from human and laboratory studies on the cancer‐preventive activities of different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols, at nutritional and pharmacological levels. We aim to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the preventive actions and discuss the possible application of the available information for human cancer prevention by different VE forms.

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Section: Assessment Of Human Studies and Mechanistic Considerationssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Human Studies On Ve and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols

Yang

Luo

Zeng

et al. 2020

Molecular Carcinogenesis

127

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“…In cancer, the SNP rs699473 is associated with increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer [211]. Interestingly, this SNP was also found to protect patients from increased risk of high grade prostate cancer after selenium supplementation in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) [212]. In breast cancer, SNP rs699473 is associated with a significant reduction in the progression-free survival in breast cancer compared to patients with wild type EcSOD [118].…”

Section: Deregulation Of Ecsod In Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular superoxide dismutase and its role in cancer

Griess

Tom

Domann

et al. 2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

149

124

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of cellular signaling and a strict balance of ROS levels must be maintained to ensure proper cellular function and survival. Notably, ROS is increased in cancer cells. The superoxide dismutase family plays an essential physiological role in mitigating deleterious effects of ROS. Due to the compartmentalization of ROS signaling, EcSOD, the only superoxide dismutase in the extracellular space, has unique characteristics and functions in cellular signal transduction. In comparison to the other two intracellular SODs, EcSOD is a relatively new comer in terms of its tumor suppressive role in cancer and the mechanisms involved are less well understood. Nevertheless, the degree of differential expression of this extracellular antioxidant in cancer versus normal cells/tissues is more pronounced and prevalent than the other SODs. A significant association of low EcSOD expression with reduced cancer patient survival further suggests that loss of extracellular redox regulation promotes a conducive microenvironment that favors cancer progression. The vast array of mechanisms reported in mediating deregulation of EcSOD expression, function, and cellular distribution also supports that loss of this extracellular antioxidant provides a selective advantage to cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of EcSOD inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, indicating a role as a tumor suppressor. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms of deregulation and tumor suppressive function of EcSOD in cancer.

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“…However, its use has been associated with weight gain [31] , and there are concerns regarding increased risk of heart failure [32] , bladder cancer [33] , and osteoporosis [34] . Similarly vitamin E, a widely investigated antioxidant, has been shown to improve steatosis and inflammation in several RCTs in both diabetic and non-diabetic children and adults [35] , but one study suggested an increased risk of prostate cancer [36] , and another an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke [37] . Risks and benefits of using such agents must therefore be carefully considered and discussed with each patient in detail before they can be recommended.…”

Section: Early Adoption Of New Diagnostics and Treatments Transient Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of a Dedicated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Clinic in 2016

Townsend

Newsome²

2017

Dig Dis

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of liver disease in the United Kingdom, and is predicted to become the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) within the next 10 years. Key Messages: With rising demands on liver services, identifying those at risk of developing significant liver disease is important, so that risk factors for disease progression can be addressed. Emerging diagnostic techniques make it possible to diagnose significant fibrosis without the need for liver biopsy, and while there are currently no approved therapies for NAFLD, a specialist clinic can also provide access to clinical trials. For patients who develop cirrhosis, the presence of multiple comorbidities necessitates expertise in the selection and management of individuals requiring LT. Conclusions: A dedicated multidisciplinary NAFLD clinic facilitates rationalisation of services, improves patient outcomes, and provides access to emerging diagnostics and therapies.

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Selenium- or Vitamin E–Related Gene Variants, Interaction with Supplementation, and Risk of High-Grade Prostate Cancer in SELECT

Cited by 56 publications

References 58 publications

Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols

Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols

Extracellular superoxide dismutase and its role in cancer

The Role of a Dedicated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Clinic in 2016

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