Selenium-Related Nutritional Status in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Association With Oxidative Stress and Atherosclerosis Risk

Abstract

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an innate immunity error, possibly associated with recurrent or chronic infections and autoimmune / inflammatory diseases and neoplasms. It is suggested that these conditions lead to persistent immune stimulation and increased oxidative stress. A positive impact on the survival of patients with an inborn errors of immunity was observed with advanced clinical care protocols, thus raising concerns about the risk of developing other associated chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Studies suggest that selenium (Se) is a protective trace element against damage caused by oxidative stress. Thus, it is postulated that adequate consumption reduces the risk of some chronic diseases. Results: The median age of CVID patients was 36.8 years, with a female predominance. Low concentrations of GPx, Se and apo A-1 were observed in the patients, besides the presence of dyslipidemia and higher concentrations of adiponectin, us-CRP, and LDLox. There was no association between the concentrations of Se and GPx and the biomarkers of lipid metabolism involved in atherosclerosis risk, except for a positive association with apo A-1 and HDL. The median of polyunsaturated fat was lower in CVID patients and the intake of zinc and retinol was higher among them when compared to controls. Conclusion: The study showed a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in CVID patients. The presence of low selenium in CVID patients points to the importance of assessing the selenium-related nutritional status in these patients.

Trace Elements Open a New Direction for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis

“…Recent research has demonstrated that patients with CVID (common variable immunodeficiency) had considerably lower levels of plasma selenium and GPX activity than healthy controls [150]. Se level, apolipoprotein A-1 concentration, and the main proteins that make up the highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol component all showed a substantial positive association.…”

Pilot study of toxicological safety evaluation in acute and 28‐day studies of selenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme in Kunming mice

“…Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for all animals including humans and is important for physiologic functions and has extensive pharmacological effects (Avery & Hoffmann, 2018). Selenium plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of adverse blood lipid profiles (Ju et al., 2018), inflammation and immune‐related diseases (Andrade et al, 2021; Avery & Hoffmann, 2018), coronavirus infections (Moghaddam et al., 2020), cancer (Hatfield et al, 2014; Vinceti et al., 2018), and Parkinson's disease (Ellwanger et al., 2016). The main source of Se intake for humans is food.…”